{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T16:48:55Z","timestamp":1794502135080,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A proportion of people develop Long Covid after acute COVID-19, but with most studies concentrated in high-income countries (HICs), the global burden is largely unknown. Our study aims to characterise long-term COVID-19 sequelae in populations globally and compare the prevalence of reported symptoms in HICs and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective, observational study in 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, including adults with confirmed COVID-19 assessed at 2 to &lt;6\u2009and 6 to &lt;12 months post-hospital discharge. A standardised case report form developed by International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium\u2019s Global COVID-19 Follow-up working group evaluated the frequency of fever, persistent symptoms, breathlessness (MRC dyspnoea scale), fatigue and impact on daily activities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 11\u2009860 participants (median age: 52 (IQR: 41\u201362) years; 52.1% females), 56.5% were from HICs and 43.5% were from LMICs. The proportion identified with Long Covid was significantly higher in HICs vs LMICs at both assessment time points (69.0% vs 45.3%, p&lt;0.001; 69.7% vs 42.4%, p&lt;0.001). Participants in HICs were more likely to report not feeling fully recovered (54.3% vs 18.0%, p&lt;0.001; 56.8% vs 40.1%, p&lt;0.001), fatigue (42.9% vs 27.9%, p&lt;0.001; 41.6% vs 27.9%, p&lt;0.001), new\/persistent fever (19.6% vs 2.1%, p&lt;0.001; 20.3% vs 2.0%, p&lt;0.001) and have a higher prevalence of anxiety\/depression and impact on usual activities compared with participants in LMICs at 2 to &lt;6\u2009and 6 to &lt;12 months post-COVID-19 hospital discharge, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data show that Long Covid affects populations globally, manifesting similar symptomatology and impact on functioning in both HIC and LMICs. The prevalence was higher in HICs versus LMICs. Although we identified a lower prevalence, the impact of Long Covid may be greater in LMICs if there is a lack of support systems available in HICs. Further research into the aetiology of Long Covid and the burden in LMICs is critical to implement effective, accessible treatment and support strategies to improve COVID-19 outcomes for all.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T14:35:17Z","timestamp":1729521317000},"page":"e015245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Long Covid: a global health issue \u2013 a prospective, cohort study set in four continents"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04262921","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Pazukhina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISARIC Global Support Centre, Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8030-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Garcia-Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISARIC Global Support Centre, Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Felipe","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia"},{"name":"Clinica, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-6511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Benjamin","family":"Kildal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waasila","family":"Jassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Analytics Pty Ltd, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa"},{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Dryden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1618-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Cato","family":"Holter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allegra","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3487-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gibraltar Health Authority, Gibraltar, Gibraltar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"S\u00f8raas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian Corona Cohort, Oslo, 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