{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:57:56Z","timestamp":1792187876247,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health","award":["D43TW010946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW010946"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers\u2019 experiences at birth and respectful maternal care are critical to achieving Sustainable Development Goal number 3 in Tanzania. However, little is known about the differences in perinatal experience quality between women with and without HIV. To address this gap, we compared mothers\u2019 experience at birth among women with and without HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in four Reproductive and Child Health Clinics in Mbeya, Tanzania between June and August 2022. Childbirth experience was assessed among mothers with and without HIV 1\u2009week after birth using the Child Birth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) questionnaires translated to Swahili. Higher scores reflected better experiences. Using this baseline assessment, bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses tested the associations between HIV status and other patient factors and child-birth experience scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1252 mothers were invited, of which 626 (288 (46%) with HIV, mean (SD age 31.9\u00b17.8 years)), were included. Mothers with HIV had lower scores in most CEQ and BSS-R domains compared with mothers without HIV. Significant mean CEQ score differences between mothers with and without HIV were observed in both CEQ and BSS-R scores: After adjusting for demographic factors, regression coefficients, \u03b2 for CEQ scores were higher among mothers without HIV compared with mothers with HIV for: \u2018own capacity\u2019 0.73, p&lt;0.001, \u2018Professional support\u2019 0.94, p&lt;0.001 and \u2018Participation\u2019 0.33, p&lt;0.001. Similarly, \u03b2 for BSS-R scores were higher among mothers without HIV for \u2018Quality of care provision\u2019 0.87, p&lt;0.001), \u2018Women\u2019s personal attributes\u2019 0.27, p=0.002 and \u2018Stress experienced\u2019 0.1, p=0.1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers with HIV in the postpartum period reported poorer CEQ and BSS-R scores compared with mothers without HIV. These results suggest a need to improve respectful maternity care at birth among the mothers with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-016745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T05:40:16Z","timestamp":1763962816000},"page":"e016745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The use of Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) in comparing the experiences of mothers with and without HIV in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Mbwele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic of"},{"name":"Program Development, Vijiji Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zablon Zakayo","family":"Joctan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic of"},{"name":"Program Development, Vijiji Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7408-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furaha","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Kaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erasto V","family":"Mbugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4355-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa R","family":"Hirschhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4441-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia D","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Medicine (Rheumatology) and Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112321400848000_10.11.e016745.1","unstructured":"WHO . 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