{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:28:16Z","timestamp":1775197696482,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-030477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-030477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The heightening of efforts to eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases through mass vaccination campaigns has contributed to a growing demand for effective and efficient payment mechanisms for frontline vaccination workers in large-scale campaigns. Subsequently, the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) adopted digital payments for campaign workers, which were either implemented by the government or partners. We specifically explored stakeholder perspectives on the feasibility of partner-implemented digital payment to front-line health workers in phase one of the yellow fever mass vaccination campaign in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We employed a cross-sectional qualitative study. The study area comprised four districts (Amuru, Lira, Hoima and Kikuuba) purposively selected from 51 phase one yellow fever vaccination campaign districts. We collected data through 37 qualitative interviews (25 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 12 in-depth interviews (IDIs)). IDI participants included vaccination health workers (n=12). KII interview participants included district technical officials (n=14), representatives of digital payment implementing partners at district and national levels (n=7) and MoH staff (n=4). All interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The partner-implemented payment system was linked with perceived improvements in timeliness and the increased likelihood of beneficiaries receiving complete payment. Despite these benefits, some payment delays were reported. These delays were mainly attributed to incomplete and inaccurate participant payment information. Health workers said they were more motivated because they felt assured of being paid and receiving the full amount.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite drawbacks, partner-led digital payment of health workers was perceived as a feasible strategy promoting timely, complete payments. Relevant stakeholders should ensure accurate, complete and timely capture and verification of health workers\u2019 payment details to counter payment delays. We recommend more rigorous evaluations to determine whether a partner-implementation of digital payment is more effective than government-led payment in different settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T05:35:25Z","timestamp":1758260125000},"page":"e017472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the feasibility of partner-implemented digital payment systems for health workers: stakeholder perspectives from Uganda\u2019s yellow fever mass vaccination campaign \u2013 a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7074-4206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ediau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Building Research Initiatives Advancing Global Health Equity (BRIDGE), San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, California, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ekirapa Kiracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7448-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliet","family":"Aweko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4469-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Opio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0782-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie Ssekitto","family":"Ashaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Waiswa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Busoga Health Forum, Jinja, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.1","unstructured":"WHO . Yellow fever-Uganda. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2022-DON367"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.2","unstructured":"WHO . Framework for decision-making: implementation of mass vaccination campaigns in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. 2020. Available: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/332159\/WHO-2019-nCoV-Framework_Mass_Vaccination-2020.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Best practices for planning a vaccination campaign for an entire population. 2018. Available: https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Best-practices-for-planning-a-vaccination-campaign-for-an-entire-population.pdf"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.4","unstructured":"Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization . Yellow fever vaccine support. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.gavi.org\/types-support\/vaccine-support\/yellow-fever"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.5","unstructured":"WHO . Global polio eradication initiative. Polio eradication strategy 2022\u20132026: delivering on a promise. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240031937"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226376","article-title":"Effects in spite of tough constraints - A theory of change based investigation of contextual and implementation factors affecting the results of a performance based financing scheme extended to malnutrition in Burundi","volume":"15","author":"Nimpagaritse","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.7","unstructured":"WHO . Contributing to liberia\u2019s covid-19 vaccination journey to reach the 90% target telling our story. 2022. 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Uganda launches national yellow fever vaccination campaign. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/uganda\/news\/uganda-launches-national-yellow-fever-vaccination-campaign#:~:text=Uganda%20is%20%20yellow%20%20fever%20%20endemic,1964%2C%201971%2C%20and%201975"},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.14","unstructured":"Ritchie J , Lewis J , Nicholls CM , et al . Qualitative research practice, 757. London: Sage, 2003."},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.15","unstructured":"Green J , Thorogood N , Melendez-Torres GJ . Qualitative methods for health research. In: Introducing qualitative methods series. 5th edn. London: Sage Publications, 2025."},{"key":"2025091822351844000_10.Suppl_4.e017472.16","unstructured":"60 Decibels . Insights from surveying polio vaccinators. C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. 2021. 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