{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:21:45Z","timestamp":1793402505739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24AI24872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24AI24872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI096299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI096299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Towards the \u2018End TB Strategy\u2019 targets, the WHO recommends the provision of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) for high-risk groups including people living with HIV (PLWH). 3 years after the release of the updated 2020 WHO guidelines, we investigated the implementation of TPT services at HIV clinics in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on TB screening, populations eligible for TPT and available TPT regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2023, we surveyed HIV care clinics in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium in Africa, the Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. We used descriptive statistics to summarise TPT implementation according to WHO guidelines and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations with clinic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 172 HIV clinics included, 142 (83%) were in Africa, 22 (13%) in the Asia-Pacific and 8 (5%) in Latin America; 108 (63%) were located in urban areas. After ruling out active TB, TPT was reportedly offered to PLWH (122 clinics, 71%), household contacts of individuals with active TB (120 clinics, 70%) and other high-risk populations. TPT for PLWH was more frequently available in clinics in lower-income and low-middle-income countries, in high TB burden countries, and in district hospitals compared with other facility types. Clinics reported use of isoniazid-based (160 clinics, 93%) and shorter rifamycin-based (129 clinics, 75%) TPT regimens. Reported barriers to TPT initiation included patient refusal at 71 (41%) and drug shortages at 67 (39%) clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPT was available at most HIV care clinics in LMICs but further efforts are needed to reinforce WHO recommendations and ensure that TPT is consistently accessible to people at higher risk of developing active TB, especially PLWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-018469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:40:28Z","timestamp":1769528428000},"page":"e018469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV care clinics in Africa, Asia and Latin America: a multiregional site survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Remo","family":"Schmutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Banholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2049-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia P.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile & Fundaci\u00f3n Arriar\u00e1n, Santiago de Chile, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00e8ne","family":"Messou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CePReF-Aconda, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Mbonze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of 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