{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T05:35:51Z","timestamp":1794202551109,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canton of Zurich, fund for cooperation and development","award":["decision 817\/2023 of government of Zurich, June 28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["decision 817\/2023 of government of Zurich, June 28"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["7F09385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7F09385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["817\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MH4U"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH4U"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) by the Bilateral Ukrainian-Swiss Joint Research Programme (USJRP) 2023","award":["Project Number 224797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Number 224797"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The war in Ukraine places a great burden on its population as well as the people who have been displaced from it. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Ukraine and Ukrainian refugees in Switzerland and contextualise them with a non-war affected population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited into prospective cohorts using random population sampling from 25 March to 9 August 2024. Raw prevalence estimates were adjusted using Bayesian modelling to account for instrument inaccuracy. Estimates were calculated according to age, sex and regional strata.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6036 Ukrainians from 10 regions, 657 refugees in Z\u00fcrich and 766 Z\u00fcrich residents were recruited. Prevalence of symptoms was generally high but varied across population strata in Ukraine. Median prevalence estimates for depression ranged 19.6%\u201354.8%; for anxiety disorder, the range was 3.7%\u201333.4%, and for PTSD, it was 15.0%\u201341.2%. We observed consistent patterns: (1) The burden was higher in south-east and central Ukraine than in the north-west; (2) refugee mental health closely resembles that of south-eastern and central Ukraine; (3) prevalences among women were higher than for men across conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>To contextualise differences in mental health burden, we highlight the example of the group of old women aged 25\u201344 years. We found a prevalence of depression of 11.1% (95%CI: 4.6% to 19.6%), anxiety 3% (0.5% to 9.5%) and PTSD 4.8% (1.3% to 10.6%) in Zurich residents and a prevalence of depression of 46.9% (39.4% to 59.8%), anxiety 25.2% (19.8% to 31.3%) and PTSD 33.9% (28.7% to 39.4%) in women from Central Ukraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first large-scale population-based study highlights a significant mental health burden among adult Ukrainians across the age range, in Ukraine and in Zurich compared with a non-war affected general population. These findings inform the planning and evaluation of urgently needed public mental health and mental healthcare services while also aiming to destigmatise mental health disorders by highlighting the substantial impact on the civilian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trail registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN17240415\">ISRCTN17240415<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2025-019557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T02:30:58Z","timestamp":1754965858000},"page":"e019557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mental health burden of persons living in Ukraine and Ukrainians displaced to Switzerland: the mental health assessment of the Ukrainian population (MAP) studies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn17240415","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn17240415","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoriia","family":"Yasenok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics und Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1048-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Michael","family":"Baumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics und Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoriia","family":"Petrashenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumy State University, Sumy, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4810-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics und Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics und Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seraina","family":"R\u00fcegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tala","family":"Ballouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics und Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrii","family":"Loboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumy State University, Sumy, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladyslav","family":"Smiianov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumy State University, Sumy, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Seifritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, ZH, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4352-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariya","family":"Bachmaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health for Ukraine, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orest","family":"Suvalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, 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