{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:09:34Z","timestamp":1785413374910,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR203312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203312"]}]},{"name":"Cambridge Trust and King\u2019s College","award":["USN: 305539306 App No: 10607101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USN: 305539306 App No: 10607101"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arabic-speaking refugees and displaced populations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face ongoing adversity that negatively impacts their mental health. Despite increasing mental health needs, there is no published systematic review evaluating non-clinical mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions in the MENA region for this population, particularly through a culturally grounded framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of MHPSS interventions published from 2011 to 2022 targeting non-clinical Arabic-speaking adult refugees and\/or displaced persons in MENA countries. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and PROSPERO registration (CRD42023421057), we searched ten databases and grey literature sources. Objectives were to identify, appraise and synthesise eligible MHPSS interventions and assess their alignment with the Integrative Complexity (IC)-Adaptation and Development After Persecution and Trauma (ADAPT) framework. Studies were appraised using four validated quality assessment tools and a novel tool assessing links to the IC-ADAPT framework, which integrates an eco-psycho-social model (ADAPT) and a cognitive-interactionist model (IC). A subset of ten top-rated interventions was synthesised for IC-ADAPT alignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions were conducted in Lebanon or Jordan, group-based and delivered by non-specialist facilitators in community settings. Parenting, resilience-building and trauma-focused therapies were the most common modalities. Most studies prioritised feasibility and effectiveness over efficacy. While none explicitly applied IC-ADAPT, several implicitly aligned with its eco-psychosocial systems (eg, bonds\/networks, safety\/security and roles\/identities) and IC (eg, increased \u2018differentiation\u2019), reporting reduced harsh parenting and improved reflective capacity. Culturally adapted interventions that promoted complex thinking, relational healing and community participation were linked with more favourable outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights the value of culturally sensitive, non-clinical MHPSS interventions in enhancing mental health outcomes for Arabic-speaking refugee populations in MENA. Programmes grounded in eco-psychosocial and cognitive complexity frameworks\u2014such as IC-ADAPT\u2014offer effective, scalable strategies for addressing refugee mental health. Future work should embed these models explicitly to optimise intervention design, relevance and impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42023421057.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2025-021128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:40:20Z","timestamp":1785411620000},"page":"e021128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review of MHPSS interventions targeting non-clinical Arabic-speaking refugees and\/or displaced populations in the MENA region"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5359-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luma","family":"Bashmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5609-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derrick","family":"Silove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-663X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Brayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isla","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eolene","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073004401247000_11.7.e021128.1","unstructured":"European Commission . 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