{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:36:34Z","timestamp":1793370994827,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Ment Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Question<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rising prevalence of mental health conditions and a global treatment gap demand new solutions that address symptoms and foster psychological well-being. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) and ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) are emerging mobile health approaches, providing real-time, personalised support. However, the effectiveness of current JITAIs\/EMIs and the longevity of effects remain uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study selection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies investigating the effectiveness of JITAIs\/EMIs for depression, anxiety and indicators of psychological well-being, published between 2018 and May 2025, were eligible. Following the standards for reporting (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PRISMA) and quality assessment (Risk of Bias; RoB), a total of K=23 studies and N=2563 individuals (71.7% female) were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>JITAIs\/EMIs showed a small between-group effect (g=0.15, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.26, p=0.003). Nine studies reported follow-up effects (mean follow-up time M=3.06 months, SD=2.21) with significant results at 1 and 3\u20136 months. Interventions shorter than 6 weeks yielded greater longevity of effects (g=0.71, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.24, p=0.008). Funnel plots and sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of findings. Risk of bias was moderate to high for intervention adherence and missing outcome data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently existing JITAIs and EMIs slightly improve mental health, particularly mental illness, with long-term effects up to 6 months. A clear definition of JITAIs and decision rules, research on long-term effects and careful selection of control conditions are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2025-301641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T05:55:16Z","timestamp":1759211716000},"page":"e301641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effectiveness of just-in-time adaptive interventions for improving mental health and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2684-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"von L\u00fctzow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research & Department of Media, Knowledge, and Communication, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Communication Studies, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5938-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie Laura","family":"Neuendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research & Department of Media, Knowledge, and Communication, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Scherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research & Department of Media, Knowledge, and Communication, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010702312314000_28.1.e301641.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00193-1"},{"key":"2026010702312314000_28.1.e301641.2","unstructured":"World health organization . 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