{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:42:11Z","timestamp":1771296131037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study describes the physiological attributes of jockeys and track-work riders in Tasmania and investigates whether these attributes are associated with falls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All jockeys and track-work riders licensed in Tasmania were invited to participate. The study group consisted of eight jockeys (two female, six male) and 20 track-work riders (14 female, six male). Measures of anthropometry, balance, reaction time, isometric strength, vertical jump, glycolytic and aerobic fitness, flexibility and body composition were conducted. Tests were designed to assess specific aspects of rider fitness and performance relevant to horse racing. For a subset of participants (n=14), the authors obtained information on falls and injuries. The authors used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jockeys had better balance, a faster mean reaction time, a lower fatigue index and a higher estimated<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mrow><m:mover accent=\"true\"><m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/m:mi><m:mo>.<\/m:mo><\/m:mover><m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O<\/m:mi><\/m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>2<\/m:mn><m:mtext>max<\/m:mtext><\/m:mrow><\/m:msub><\/m:mrow><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>than their track-work riding counterparts. Jockeys were also younger and smaller in stature than track-work riders, and when differences in body mass were taken into account, they had a greater muscular strength and muscular (alactic) power. Important factors found to be associated with falls were lower aerobic and anaerobic fitness, greater muscular strength and power, and riding with the full foot in the stirrup irons compared with riding on the ball of the foot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study shows that physiological attributes of jockeys and track-work riders can predict their risk of falling and are measurable using methods feasible for large-scale fieldwork.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,24]],"date-time":"2011-06-24T02:32:46Z","timestamp":1308882766000},"page":"e000142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Are physiological attributes of jockeys predictors of falls? A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Hitchens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Blizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Fell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.1","first-page":"89","article-title":"For jockeys, small is beautiful\u2014but difficult","volume":"4","author":"Maddox","year":"1976","journal-title":"Physician Sports Med"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00423243","article-title":"A study of physical demands in riding","volume":"50","author":"Westerling","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700013131","article-title":"Eating behaviour of male racing jockeys","volume":"17","author":"King","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.4","unstructured":"Apted J . Lifestyle of nine jockeys. In: Truswell AS Wahlqvist ML , eds. Food Habits in Australia. Australia: Rene Gordon, 1988:291\u20137."},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.12.2.220","article-title":"New Zealand jockeys' dietary habits and their potential impact on health","volume":"12","author":"Leydon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802702863","article-title":"Chronic weight control impacts on physiological function and bone health in elite jockeys","volume":"27","author":"Warrington","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0887-0"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00601810"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L8158","article-title":"Body mass index and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level as risk factors for injuries related to professional horse racing: a prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Tobari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.26.1.33"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900468"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000207"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.37.6.418-424"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0258-x"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02284.x","article-title":"The incidence of race-day jockey falls in Australia, 2002\u20132006","volume":"190","author":"Hitchens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.050567"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.17","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010."},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.18","first-page":"115","article-title":"The sit and reach\u2014A test of back and leg flexibility","volume":"23","author":"Wells","year":"1952","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.19","unstructured":"Ellis L Gastin P Lawrens S . Testing protocols for the physiological assessment of team sports players. In: Gore CJ , ed. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes. Belconnen ACT: Australian Sport Commission, 2000:128\u201344."},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511722233.018"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.21","first-page":"116","article-title":"Estimation of human power output from vertical jump","volume":"5","author":"Harman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Sports Sci Res"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.22","first-page":"6","article-title":"A simple method for the assessment of general fitness: the tri-level profile","volume":"21","author":"Telford","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20290"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199306000-00017"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100512"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198908000-00014"},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.27","unstructured":"Speed H Seedsman T Morris T . The Welfare of Retired Jockeys. Victoria: Victorian University of Technology, Centre for Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sports Science, 2001."},{"key":"2024092707553425000_1.1.e000142.28","unstructured":"Welford AT . Choice reaction time: basic concepts. In: Welford AT , ed. Reaction Times. New York: Academic Press, 1980:73\u2013128."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T14:56:17Z","timestamp":1727448977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}