{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:43:09Z","timestamp":1791243789937,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the barriers to the uptake of refraction services in the age group of 15\u201349\u2005years in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling to enumerate 3300 individuals from 55 clusters. A validated questionnaire was used to elicit information on barriers to utilisation of services among individuals with uncorrected refractive error (presenting visual acuity &lt;6\/12 but improving to \u22656\/12 on using a pinhole) and presbyopia (binocular near vision &lt;N8 in individuals aged &gt;35\u2005years with binocular distance visual acuity of \u22656\/12).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3095 (94%) were available for examination. Those with uncorrected refractive errors cited affordability as the main barrier to the uptake of eye-care services. Among people with uncorrected presbyopia, lack of \u2018felt need\u2019 was the leading barrier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The barriers that were \u2018relatively easy to change\u2019 were reported by those with uncorrected refractive errors in contrast to \u2018difficult to change\u2019 barriers reported by those with uncorrected presbyopia. Together, the data on prevalence and an understanding of the barriers for the uptake of services are critical to the planning of refractive error services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,16]],"date-time":"2011-07-16T03:09:43Z","timestamp":1310785783000},"page":"e000172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Population-based cross-sectional study of barriers to utilisation of refraction services in South India: Rapid Assessment of Refractive Errors (RARE) Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Marmamula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E","family":"Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"Centre for Communication, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gullapalli N","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"Bausch & Lomb School of Optometry, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401381397000_1.1.e000172.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210"},{"key":"2025121401381397000_1.1.e000172.2","first-page":"908","article-title":"Blindness in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh","volume":"42","author":"Dandona","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025121401381397000_1.1.e000172.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.4.373"},{"key":"2025121401381397000_1.1.e000172.4","unstructured":"WHO. Elimination of Avoidable Visual Disability Due to Refractive Errors, in WHO\/PBL\/00.79. 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