{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:29:01Z","timestamp":1793449741955,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the criminal pattern in men between 15 and 70\u2005years of age diagnosed with 47,XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome (KS)) or 47,XYY compared to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Register-based cohort study comparing the incidence of convictions among men with KS and with 47,XYY with age- and calendar-matched samples of the general population. Crime was classified into eight types (sexual abuse, homicide, burglary, violence, traffic, drug-related, arson and \u2018others\u2019).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Denmark 1978\u20132006.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All men diagnosed with KS (N=934) or 47,XYY (N=161) at risk and their age- and calendar-time-matched controls (N=88\u2008979 and 15\u2008356, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of convictions was increased in men with KS (omitting traffic offenses) compared to controls with a HR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.59, p&lt;0.001), with significant increases in sexual abuse, burglary, arson and \u2018others\u2019, but with a decreased risk of traffic and drug-related offenses. The incidence of convictions was significantly increased among men with 47,XYY compared to controls with a HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.77, p&lt;0.005) in all crime types, except drug-related crimes and traffic. Adjusting for socioeconomic variables (education, fatherhood, retirement and cohabitation) reduced the total HR for both KS and 47,XYY to levels similar to controls, while some specific crime types (sexual abuse, arson, etc) remained increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall risk of conviction (excluding traffic offenses) was moderately increased in men with 47,XYY or KS; however, it was similar to controls when adjusting for socioeconomic parameters. Convictions for sexual abuse, burglary, arson and \u2018others\u2019 were significantly increased. The increased risk of convictions may be partly or fully explained by the poor socioeconomic conditions related to the chromosome aberrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T01:11:39Z","timestamp":1329959499000},"page":"e000650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Criminality in men with Klinefelter's syndrome and XYY syndrome: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Stochholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bojesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Skakkeb\u00e6k","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svend","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus H\u00f8jbjerg","family":"Gravholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Sex chromosome abnormalities found among 34,910 newborn children: results from a 13-year incidence study in Arhus, Denmark","volume":"26","author":"Nielsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1431"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.4","first-page":"62","article-title":"Incidence of aneuploidy in a human population","volume":"28","author":"Goad","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196904172801602","article-title":"Chromosome aberrations in 2159 consecutive newborn babies","volume":"280","author":"Sergovich","year":"1969","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-5-15"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.959813"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33334"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1984.tb02013.x","article-title":"The development of four unselected 47, XYY boys","volume":"25","author":"Bender","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2081351a0"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5539.533"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067694"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00674.x"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008594"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.1.115","article-title":"Fire-setting behavior in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.2.192","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children of sex chromosome abnormalities","volume":"80","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830060031004"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0367"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-007-0365-8"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1077"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800250023004"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1973.tb04407.x"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0697"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1954"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30163"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020292","article-title":"Psychophysiological markers of vulnerability to psychopathology in men with an extra X chromosome (XXY)","volume":"6","author":"van Rijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0542-1"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.28","first-page":"151","article-title":"The spectrum of the behavioral phenotype in boys and adolescents 47, XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)","volume":"8","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2190\/306P-N7R9-91T1-L8LJ","article-title":"Fire-setting behavior associated with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Eytan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.4.649","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome and fire-setting behavior","volume":"83","author":"Eberle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.1.78"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.32","unstructured":"Rothman KJ Greenland S Lash TL . Design strategies to improve study accuracy. In: Rothman KJ Greenland KS Lash TL , eds. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2008:168\u201382."},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.33","unstructured":"Greenland S Lash TL . Bias analysis. In: Rothman KJ Greenland KS Lash TL , eds. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2008:345\u201380."},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GIM.0000095626.54201.D0","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome: expanding the phenotype and identifying new research directions","volume":"5","author":"Simpson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087313"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(96)90013-9"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.09.005"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.2.133"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01920"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0145"},{"key":"2025121408002567000_2.1.e000650.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1354-7"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:00:36Z","timestamp":1765728036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}