{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:10:46Z","timestamp":1792271446396,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To characterise and confirm the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Mansonella ozzardi<\/jats:italic>\n                      microfilariae in the cornea by biomicroscopy and corneal confocal microscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical practice study in patients from rural communities in Coari city on the Solim\u00f5es river, Amazonas state, Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The eyes of 212 consecutive volunteer patients were examined using a flash light and their blood checked for the presence of microfilariae by an expert microscopist. Patients with suspicious corneal lesions (characterised as nummular keratitis) were submitted to biomicroscopy, fundoscopy and corneal confocal microscopy evaluation (CCME). In two patients, a biopsy of the limbal conjunctiva adjacent to the nummular keratitis was carried out and blood collected from the surgical wound for microfilariae investigation by thick blood film examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Positive correlation between corneal biomicroscopic and confocal lesions and\n                      <jats:italic>M ozzardi<\/jats:italic>\n                      microfilaremia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 212 patients, 56 (26.4%) were positive for microfilaremia. 22 patients with nummular keratitis identified under flash light examination underwent biomicroscopy and CCME. Corneal lesions were positively correlated to microfilaremia (p=0.0001). At biomicroscopy, lesions were classified as quiescent or active. At CCME, lesions were categorised as circular or filiform. The associations between corneal lesions, CCME findings and microfilaremia are shown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe\n                      <jats:italic>M ozzardi<\/jats:italic>\n                      microfilariae in the cornea and the associated eye pathology. Further studies using ocular tissue PCR and other imaging techniques would be helpful.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T22:54:18Z","timestamp":1354056858000},"page":"e001266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Mansonella ozzardi<\/i>\n                    corneal lesions in the Amazon: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Lucas Monferrari Monteiro","family":"Vianna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Institute, UNIFESP, Hospital S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilaine","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Jacob","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)\/Instituto de Oftalmologia de Manaus (IOM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob Moyses","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)\/Instituto de Oftalmologia de Manaus (IOM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Rubens","family":"Belfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Institute, UNIFESP, Hospital S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121402570128000_2.6.e001266.1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Ocular findings in Pauin\u00ed (Southwest of the Brazilian Amazon) and possible corneal lesions caused by Mansonella","volume":"61","author":"Branco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"2025121402570128000_2.6.e001266.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000300002"},{"key":"2025121402570128000_2.6.e001266.3","first-page":"849","article-title":"Sobre a incid\u00eancia de fil\u00e1rias humanas em Manaus, estado do Amazonas","volume":"2","author":"Deane","year":"1949","journal-title":"Rev Serv Esp Saude Publ"},{"key":"2025121402570128000_2.6.e001266.4","first-page":"287","article-title":"(Filarial infestation in inhabitants of Vila Pereira, territory of Roraima 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