{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:54:08Z","timestamp":1776387248795,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged exposure to adults with pulmonary tuberculosis is a risk factor for infecting children. We have studied to what extent a brief exposure may increase the risk of being infected in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational study of a tuberculosis contact investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>7 day-care centres and 4 after-school-care centres in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>606 1-year-old to 9-year-old children who were exposed briefly to a male Norwegian with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Number of children with latent and active tuberculosis detected by routine clinical examination, chest x-ray and use of a Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) and an interferon-\u03b3 release assay (IGRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The children were exposed to a mean of 6.9\u2005h (range 3\u201318\u2005h). 2\u20133\u2005months after the exposure, 11 children (1.8%) had a TST \u22656\u2005mm, 6 (1.0%) had TST 4\u20135\u2005mm, and 587 (97.2%) had a negative TST result. Two children (0.3%) with negative chest x-rays who were exposed 4.75 and 12\u2005h, respectively, had a positive IGRA test result, and were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis. None developed active tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children from a high-income country attending day-care and after-school-care centres had low risk of being infected after brief exposure less than 18\u2005h to an adult day-care helper with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,7]],"date-time":"2012-11-07T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1352330718000},"page":"e001816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk of developing tuberculosis after brief exposure in Norwegian children: results of a contact investigation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"D\u00f8llner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Childrens and Womens Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina Terez","family":"Ramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Childrens and Womens Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingunn","family":"Harstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Egil","family":"Afset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Childrens and Womens Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Sagvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccination and Infection Control Office, Municipality of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70182-8"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1184","article-title":"Extensive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 9 year old child with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative sputum smear","volume":"337","author":"Paranjothy","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00385.x"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.044255"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12950-9"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caley M Fowler T Welch S . Risk of developing tuberculosis from a school contact: retrospective cohort study, United Kingdom, 2009. Euro Surveill 2010;15. www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19510 (accessed 7 Jun 2012).","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.11.19510-en"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817e83f4"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803053381001"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250310021677"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.02.019"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31823378c9","article-title":"The transmission of tuberculosis in schools involving children 3 to 11 years of age","volume":"31","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.12","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an infant","volume":"10","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.13","unstructured":"Tuberkuloseveilederen som e-bok. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health. www.fhi.no\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=233&trg=MainArea_ 5561&MainArea_5661=6034:0:15,5092:1:0:0:::0:0 (accessed 7 Jun 2012)."},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00201609"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0631"},{"key":"2025121300233856000_2.6.e001816.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318214b915"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T08:23:49Z","timestamp":1765614229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001816","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}