{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:20:56Z","timestamp":1773296456084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors for cardiovascular events are well established in general populations and those with diabetes but have been sparsely studied in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We sought to identify predictors of (1) a composite cardiovascular outcome (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke) and (2) cardiovascular death, among patients with IGT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied participants enrolled in the Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial. Predictors of cardiovascular events were identified in observational analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial participants in 40 countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>9306 participants with biochemically confirmed IGT at high risk of cardiovascular events participated in NAVIGATOR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed using variables (demographic data, medical history, clinical features, biochemical results and ECG findings) recorded at baseline to identify variables associated with and predictive of cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 6.4\u2005years, 639 (6.9%) participants experienced a cardiovascular event, and 244 (2.6%) cardiovascular death. While predictors of both outcomes included established risk factors such as existing cardiovascular disease, male gender, older age, current smoking status and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, other variables such as reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, previous thromboembolic disease, atrial fibrillation, higher urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were also important predictors. Glycaemic measures were not predictive of cardiovascular events. c-Statistics for predicting cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death were 0.74 and 0.82, respectively. This compares with c-statistics for cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death of 0.65 and 0.71, respectively, using the classical Framingham risk factors of age, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension and smoking status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most powerful independent predictors of cardiovascular events in IGT included both established risk factors and other variables excluding measures of glycaemia, allowing effective identification of high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T21:20:04Z","timestamp":1354396804000},"page":"e001925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predictors of cardiovascular events in a contemporary population with impaired glucose tolerance: an observational analysis of the Nateglinide and Valsartan in impaired glucose tolerance outcomes research (NAVIGATOR) trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00097786","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"David","family":"Preiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laine E","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-Lena","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Haffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rury R","family":"Holman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Standl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy E","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Tognoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe A","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cordoba National University, Cordoba, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-Tien","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 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