{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:56:38Z","timestamp":1792634198953,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Like many countries Malaysia is facing an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus diabetes (T2DM) and modifiable lifestyle factors such as sedentary behaviour are important drivers of this increase. The level of physical activity is low among elderly Malay people. In Malaysia, strategies to promote physical activity in elderly Malay people with T2DM are not well documented in the research literature. This paper discusses an intervention to increase physical activity in elderly Malay people with T2DM. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of personalised feedback alone and in combination with peer support in promoting and maintaining physical activity in comparison with usual care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three-arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted among sedentary Malay adults aged 60\u2005years and above with T2DM attending an urban primary healthcare clinic in Malaysia. The participants will be randomised into three groups for a 12-week intervention with a follow-up at 24 and 36\u2005weeks to assess adherence. The primary outcome of this study is pedometer-determined physical activity. Glycaemic and blood pressure control, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, lipid profile, health-related quality of life, psychological well-being, social support and self-efficacy for exercise are the secondary measures. Linear mixed models will be used to determine the effect of the intervention over time and between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethical and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee and the Malaysian Ministry of Health's Medical Research Ethics Committee approved this protocol. The findings of this study will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study protocol has been registered with the Malaysian National Medical Research Registry and with the Current Controlled Trial Ltd (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.controlled-trials.com\/ISRCTN71447000\/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http:\/\/www.controlled-trials.com\/ISRCTN71447000\/<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T05:16:11Z","timestamp":1353129371000},"page":"e002119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Promoting physical activity in sedentary elderly Malays with type 2 diabetes: a protocol for randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn71447000","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"given":"Shariff-Ghazali","family":"Sazlina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette Joy","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajahan","family":"Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 4th edn. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2010."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.917"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Country and Regional Data on the Prevalence of Diabetes in the WHO Western Pacific Region, 2010. http:\/\/www.who.int\/diabetes\/facts\/world_figures\/en\/index6.html (accessed 6 Nov 2010)."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.19.4.221"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1218","article-title":"Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"286","author":"Boule","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb06884.x","article-title":"Physical activity, falls, and fractures among older adults: a review of the epidemiologic evidence","volume":"48","author":"Gregg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00005"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.18.2114"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616aa2"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9910"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.12","unstructured":"Sims J Hill K Haralambous B . National physical activity recommendations for older Australians: Discussion document. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 2006."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.13","first-page":"A53","article-title":"How active are older Americans?","volume":"4","author":"Kruger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.14","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Health Survey: Summary of results: 2006. \u00a0http:\/\/www.ausstats.abs.gov.au (accessed 1 Feb 2011)."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.15","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Outline for the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan, 2007. http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/eiken\/english\/research\/pdf\/nhns2007.pdf (accessed 10 Feb 2011)."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1722"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyq017"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.06.009","article-title":"Efficacy of a pedometer-based physical activity program on parameters of diabetes control in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"55","author":"Araiza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802485"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.4.456","article-title":"Effectiveness of the First Step Program Delivered by professionals versus peers","volume":"6","author":"Tudor-Locke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721705284373"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.22","first-page":"A18","article-title":"Translating a community-based motivational support program to increase physical activity among older adults with diabetes at community clinics: a pilot study of Physical Activity for a Lifetime of Success (PALS)","volume":"5","author":"Batik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014572170302900313"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.10.1821"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2010.12.013"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00007"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721709335006"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmp003"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.29","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health. The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NMHS III) 2006, diabetes. Malaysia: Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2008."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.30","first-page":"101","article-title":"Assessment of physical activity level among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Cheras Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur","volume":"16","author":"Shazwani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mal J Nutr"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee PY Cheong AT Zaiton A . Does ethnicity contribute to the control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 Diabetes? Asia Pac J Public Health 2011 Dec 20 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1177\/1010539511430521","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511430521"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.32","first-page":"13","article-title":"Physical activity pattern and energy expenditure of Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS)","volume":"16","author":"Poh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mal J Nutr"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.33","unstructured":"Department of Statistics. Population distribution and basic demographic characteristics 2010. Malaysia: Department of Statistics, 2010."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.34","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Management of type 2 diabetes. 4th edn. Malaysia: Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2009."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.35","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Division of Family Health Development: Annual report 2005. Malaysia: Ministry of Health, 2005."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.37","first-page":"56","article-title":"Screening for handicapping hearing loss in the elderly","volume":"52","author":"Gates","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01454.x","article-title":"A questionnaire to screen for cognitive impairment among elderly people in developing countries","volume":"85","author":"Kua","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.39","unstructured":"Bandura A . Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, 1986."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandura A . Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies. Trumpington Street, Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1995.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527692"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.41","first-page":"E36","article-title":"Intervention mapping as a guide for the development of a diabetes peer support intervention in rural Alabama","volume":"9","author":"Cherrington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2008.00463.x"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-4"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288X10Y.0000000004"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S241","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199505001-01354","article-title":"A method of guiding exercise intensity: the talk test","volume":"27","author":"Brawner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.47","first-page":"1632","article-title":"Consistency of the talk test for exercise prescription","volume":"36","author":"Persinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318207ed53"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.49","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Management of hypertension. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2008."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u2018Up & Go\u2019: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.896","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test","volume":"80","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.53","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995."},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004242"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200005000-00007"},{"key":"2024051504133903000_2.6.e002119.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/jnum.12.3.235"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T15:07:27Z","timestamp":1715785647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002119","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}