{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:26:55Z","timestamp":1761863215578},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop a framework and best estimates of prevalence for the most at risk populations (MARPs) for HIV\/AIDS to include sex workers (SW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs) in order to evaluate national HIV\/AIDS programmatic targets across the Republic of Serbia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national, cross-sectional study and direct enumeration, multiplier and benchmark methods with integrated bio-behavioural surveys, capture\/recapture and methods with Wald and Clopper-Pearson CIs were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was carried out in the three largest cities and main regions of Serbia, the capital city, Belgrade, (population 1\u2005639\u2005121 persons), the Vojvodina region with main city Novi Sad (population 335\u2005701) and the rest of Serbia with main city Nis (population 257\u2005867).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1301 respondents from the defined MARPs completed the survey in the 2009\/2010 period across the three cities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimates of the hidden numbers at risk of HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was estimated that there were 1775\u20136027 SW between 18 and 49\u2005years in Serbia in 2009. For MSM, national estimates for 2009 ranged from 20\u2005789 to 90\u2005104 individuals aged between 20 and 49\u2005years. For IDU, a possible range of 12\u2005682\u201348\u2005083 individuals aged between 15 and 59\u2005years in 2009 was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For service planning across Central and Eastern Europe, it is important to highlight how credible estimates can be achieved and compared with numbers within HIV\/AIDS-prevention programmes. Within needle exchange programmes, only 5.4\u201320.5% of the estimated population was observed and this proportion was lower within methadone treatment data. Results have implications for future IDU treatment and HIV incidence and spread across all populations at risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,4]],"date-time":"2013-05-04T00:15:39Z","timestamp":1367626539000},"page":"e002203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Injecting drug users, sex workers and men who have sex with men: a national cross-sectional study to develop a framework and prevalence estimates for national HIV\/AIDS programmes in the Republic of Serbia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Comiskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orla","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danijela","family":"Simic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sladjana","family":"Baro\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386737.25296.c4"},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386734.79553.9a"},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9753-5"},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834171bc"},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.5","unstructured":"Republic of Serbia National AIDS Commission. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/es\/dataanalysis\/monitoringcountryprogress\/progressreports\/2012countries\/file,68427,es.pdf (accessed 6 Jul 2012)."},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.6","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/media\/unaids\/contentassets\/dataimport\/pub\/manual\/2009\/jc1676_core_indicators_2009_en.pdf (accessed 6 Jul 2012)."},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.7","unstructured":"The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Toolkit, Part 2. http:\/\/www.theglobalfund.org\/en\/me\/documents\/toolkit\/ (accessed 6 Jul 2012)."},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.8","unstructured":"http:\/\/media.popis2011.stat.rs\/2012\/DBR%2032272%20-%20Population%20Dashboard%20v16.swf (accessed 6 Jul 2012)."},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.9","first-page":"131","article-title":"Methods for estimating prevalence of opiate use as an aid to policy and planning","volume":"36","author":"Comiskey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Subst UseMisuse"},{"key":"2024051504163080000_3.5.e002203.10","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 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