{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:35:43Z","timestamp":1782369343276,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Community-associated methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CA-MRSA) is common among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. It is unknown whether this is also the case in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually transmitted infection outpatient low-threshold clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between October 2008 and April 2010, a total of 211 men were included, in two groups: (1) 74 MSM with clinical signs of a skin or soft tissue infection (symptomatic group) and (2) 137 MSM without clinical signs of such infections (asymptomatic group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and MRSA infection and\/or colonisation. Swabs were collected from the anterior nasal cavity, throat, perineum, penile glans and, if present, from infected skin lesions. Culture for\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was carried out on blood agar plates and for MRSA on selective chromagar plates after enrichment in broth. If MRSA was found, the spa-gene was sequenced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Associated demographic characteristics, medical history, risk factors for colonisation with\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and high-risk sexual behaviour were collected through a self-completed questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonisation in the nares was 37%, the pharynx 11%, the perianal region 12%, the glans penis 10% and in skin lesions 40%. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, anogenital\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonisation was significantly associated with the symptomatic group (p=0.01) and marginally with HIV (p=0.06). MRSA was diagnosed in two cases: prevalence 0.9% (95% CI 0.1% to 3.4%)). Neither had CA-MRSA strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CA-MRSA among MSM in Amsterdam is rare. Genital colonisation of\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is not associated with high-risk sexual behaviour.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T21:29:36Z","timestamp":1362605376000},"page":"e002505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    among men who have sex with men attending an STI clinic in Amsterdam: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"I K C W","family":"Joore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Infectious Diseases, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn Sebastiaan","family":"van Rooijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Infectious Diseases, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Research, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten Franciscus","family":"Schim van der Loeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"de Neeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (CIb\/RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alje","family":"van Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis General Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J C","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Infectious Diseases, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National 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