{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:22:56Z","timestamp":1757701376651},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine long-term associations between change in alcohol-consumption status and cessation of alcohol use, and fibrinogen levels in a large, young, biracial cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of covariance models were used to analyse participants within the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) cohort who had fibrinogen and alcohol use data at year 7 (1992\u20131993; ages 25\u201337) and year 20 examinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 urban US cities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>2520 men and women within the CARDIA cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>13-year changes in alcohol use related to changes in fibrinogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 13\u2005years, mean fibrinogen increased by 71 vs 70\u2005mg\/dL (p=NS) in black men (BM) versus white men (WM), and 78 vs 68\u2005mg\/dL (p&lt;0.05) in black women (BW) versus white women (WW), respectively. Compared with never-drinkers, there were smaller longitudinal increases in fibrinogen for BM, BW and WW (but a larger increase in WM) who became or stayed drinkers, after multivariable adjustment. For BM, WM and WW, fibrinogen increased the most among persons who quit drinking over 13\u2005years (p&lt;0.001 for WM (fibrinogen increase=86.5 (7.1) (mean (SE))), compared with never-drinkers (fibrinogen increase=53.1 (5.4)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this young cohort, compared with the participants who never drank, those who became\/stayed drinkers had smaller increases, while those who quit drinking had the highest increase in fibrinogen over 13\u2005years of follow-up. The results provide a novel insight into the mechanism for the established protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T04:23:24Z","timestamp":1373603004000},"page":"e002944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-term change in alcohol-consumption status and variations in fibrinogen levels: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tochi M","family":"Okwuosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheeling","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.006"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.22.2437"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d636"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm191"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.14.1799"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1523"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.077"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602107"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.09.032"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678375"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.17.2605"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1052"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.339"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9456493.x"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"2024051504450170000_3.7.e002944.16","unstructured":"Tousoulis D Papageorgiou N Androulakis E . 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