{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:56:49Z","timestamp":1793213809495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) To investigate the experiences of women with a previous stillbirth and their appraisal of the care they received at the hospital. (2) To assess the long-term level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in this group and identify risk factors for this outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two university hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised 379 women with a verified diagnosis of stillbirth (\u226523 gestational weeks or birth weight \u2265500\u2005g) in a singleton or twin pregnancy 5\u201318\u2005years previously. 101 women completed a comprehensive questionnaire in two parts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The women's experiences and appraisal of the care provided by healthcare professionals before, during and after stillbirth. PTSS at follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The great majority saw (98%) and held (82%) their baby. Most women felt that healthcare professionals were supportive during the delivery (85.6%) and showed respect towards their baby (94.9%). The majority (91.1%) had received some form of short-term follow-up. One-third showed clinically significant long-term PTSS (IES\u2009<jats:underline>\u2265\u2009<\/jats:underline>20). Independent risk factors were younger age (OR 6.60, 95% CI 1.99 to 21.83), induced abortion prior to stillbirth (OR 5.78, 95% CI 1.56 to 21.38) and higher parity (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.19 to 10.07) at the time of stillbirth. Having held the baby (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.56) was associated with less PTSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The great majority saw and held their baby and were satisfied with the support from healthcare professionals. One in three women presented with a clinically significant level of PTSS 5\u201318\u2005years after stillbirth. Having held the baby was protective, whereas prior induced abortion was a risk factor for a high level of PTSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was registered at<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, with registration number NCT 00856076.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:35:03Z","timestamp":1382574903000},"page":"e003323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Women's experiences in relation to stillbirth and risk factors for long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ida 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