{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:08:55Z","timestamp":1784747335780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to test the following hypotheses: (1) there is decreased white matter (WM) integrity in non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), (2) WM integrity is differentially reduced in PD and early Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and (3) DTI changes in non-demented PD are specifically associated with cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 18 non-demented patients with PD, 18 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to incipient AD and 19 healthy elderly normal control (NC) participants in a cross-sectional design. The participants underwent DTI, and tract-based spatial statistics was used to analyse and extract radial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. Correlations between scores from a battery of neuropsychological tests and DTI were performed in the PD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with PD had significant differences in DTI in WM underlying the temporal, parietal and occipital cortex as compared with NC. There were no significant differences between the PD and AD groups in the primary region of interest analyses, but compared with NC there was a tendency for more anterior changes in AD in contrast to more posterior changes in PD. In a secondary whole-brain analysis there were frontoparietal areas with significant differences between AD and PD. In patients with PD, there were significant correlations between DTI parameters in WM underlying the prefrontal cortex and executive and visuospatial abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In early, non-demented PD we found reduced WM integrity underlying the temporal, parietal and occipital cortices. In addition, WM integrity changes in prefrontal areas were associated with executive and visuospatial ability. These findings support that DTI may be an important biomarker in early PD, and that WM changes are related to cognitive impairment in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T22:24:43Z","timestamp":1390343083000},"page":"e003976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["White matter integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Eirik","family":"Auning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"University of Oslo, AHUS Campus, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veslem\u00f8y Krohn","family":"Kj\u00e6rvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Selnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Aarsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Haram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo, AHUS Campus, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, \u00d8stfold Central Hospital, Fredrikstad, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atle","family":"Bj\u00f8rnerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Hessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolreza","family":"Esnaashari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tormod","family":"Fladby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70152-7"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.2","first-page":"229","article-title":"White matter lesions in Parkinson disease. [Review]","volume":"7","author":"Bohnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2860"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21245"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121603","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging surpasses cerebrospinal fluid as predictor of cognitive decline and medial lobe atrophy in subjective cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"Selnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimer Dis"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1059"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.10.1776","article-title":"Tau and A beta 42 in cerebrospinal fluid from healthy adults 21\u201393 years of age: establishment of reference values","volume":"47","author":"Sjogren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1267-x"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.11","unstructured":"Fahn S Elton R . Members of the UPDRS development committee: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In Fahn S Marsden CD Calne DB Goldstein M , eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. FlorhamPark: MacMillan Health Care Information, 1987:153\u201363."},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199910)14:10<858::AID-GPS35>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004869"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00373.x"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.18","unstructured":"Schmidt M . Rey auditory and verbal learning test. A handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, 1996."},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.19","unstructured":"Meyers Je Meyers JR . Rey complex figure test and recognition trail. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1995."},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.20","unstructured":"Spreen O Strauss EA . A compendium of neuropsychological tests, second edition: administrations, norms and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998."},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delis DC Kaplan E Kramer JH . Delis and Kaplan executive functions system: examiner's manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 2001.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15082-000"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.22","unstructured":"Heaton RK Miller SW Taylor MJ . Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery: demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults. Psychological Assessment Resources, 2004."},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050170031011"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(82)90007-0"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145764.70698.4E"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00373.x"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.419"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0778-5"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(94)90066-3"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20308"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9002-x"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540080076020"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.055"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.796284"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23917"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318266fc51"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2775-4"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182929f62"},{"key":"2025120521443666000_4.1.e003976.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agosta F Canu E Stefanova E . Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is associated with a distributed pattern of brain white matter damage. Hum Brain Mapp 2013. doi: 10.1002\/hbm.22302. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22302"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:44:45Z","timestamp":1764999885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003976","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}