{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1765815783356,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals infected with HIV-1 are at an increased risk of\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteraemia (SAB). The aim of this study was to investigate mortality rate and risk of reinfection associated with SAB in HIV-1-infected individuals compared to individuals without HIV-1 infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University hospital treating a third of the estimated 5000 individuals with HIV infection in Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-1-infected (n=82) and sex-matched and age-matched uninfected (n=163) individuals with SAB in the time period 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30-day and 365-day mortality rate ratio and relative risk of reinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with HIV had an increased risk of death at day 30 (OR 11.90 (95% CI 2.15 to 65.85)) compared to individuals without HIV. Other factors associated with mortality were age, a foreign device and Pitt score. HIV-related factors did not associate to mortality. During follow-up, there were 43 episodes of reinfection; in individuals with HIV infection at an incidence rate of 7.8 (95% CI 4.7 to 10.9)\/100 person-years compared with 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.2)\/100 person-years for individuals without HIV. In multivariate analysis, HIV status (OR 2.91 (95% CI 1.29 to 6.58) and injection drug use (OR 3.51 (95% CI 1.06 to 11.63) were independently associated with an increased risk of reinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality after SAB and a very high rate of reinfection. Age, a foreign device and Pitt score predicted outcome. For patients infected with HIV, neither CD4 T-lymphocyte counts nor plasma HIV RNA levels were associated with 30-day outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (record no. 2007-41-1196).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T03:24:04Z","timestamp":1398309844000},"page":"e004075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Outcome and reinfection after\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    bacteraemia in individuals with and without HIV-1 infection: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Stammler Jaliff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Dahl-Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 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