{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:06:41Z","timestamp":1791320801489,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Delivery of inhaled medications to infants is usually very demanding and is often associated with crying and mask rejection. It has been suggested that aerosol administration during sleep may be an attractive alternative. Previous studies in sleeping children were disappointing as most of the children awoke and rejected the treatment. The SootherMask (SM) is a new, gentle and innovative approach for delivering inhaled medication to infants and toddlers. The present pilot study describes the feasibility of administering inhaled medications during sleep using the SM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>13 sleeping infants with recurrent wheezing who regularly used pacifiers and were &lt;12\u2005months old.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants inhaled technetium99mDTPA-labelled normal saline aerosol delivered via a Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler (SMI) (Boehringer-Ingelheim, Germany) and SM + InspiraChamber (IC; InspiRx Inc, New Jersey, USA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The two major outcomes were the acceptability of the treatment and the lung deposition (per cent of emitted dose).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All infants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria successfully received the SM treatment during sleep without difficulty. Mean lung deposition (\u00b1SD) averaged 1.6\u00b10.5% in the right lung.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study demonstrated that the combination of Respimat, IC and SM was able to administer aerosol therapy to all the sleeping infants who were regular pacifier users with good lung deposition. Administration of aerosols during sleep is advantageous since all the sleeping children accepted the mask and ensuing aerosol therapy under these conditions, in contrast to previous studies in which there was frequent mask rejection using currently available devices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registry<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT01120938.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T23:08:04Z","timestamp":1395875284000},"page":"e004124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Feasibility of aerosol drug delivery to sleeping infants: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01120938","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Amirav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T","family":"Newhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technosaf, Karkur, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Luder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Halamish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gorenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089426803772455659"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.487"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.3","first-page":"528","article-title":"Nebulizers versus pressurized metered-dose inhalers in preschool children with wheezing","volume":"58","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirav I Luder AS Halamish A . Design of aerosol face masks for children using computerized 3D face analysis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2013. [serial online 28 Sep 2013].","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(12)70123-9"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Scintigraphic assessment of therapeutic aerosols","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1377"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.8.719"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.8","first-page":"487","article-title":"Beta agonist aerosol distribution in RSV bronchiolitis in infants","volume":"43","author":"Amirav","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.9","first-page":"1717","article-title":"MIRD dose estimate report no. 16: radiation absorbed dose from technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid aerosol","volume":"33","author":"Atkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.10","unstructured":"Eggli DF . Pediatric radiopharmaceutical dosages. In: Taylor A Datz FL , eds. Clinical practice of nuclear medicine. Churchill Livingstone, 1991:450."},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70357-8"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.12","first-page":"383","article-title":"Measurement of bronchial hyperreactivity in infants and preschool children using a new method","volume":"64","author":"Murakami","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.3.285"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.14","first-page":"140","article-title":"Force-dependent static dead space of face masks used with holding chambers","volume":"51","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301236"},{"key":"2025101813090000000_4.3.e004124.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2008.00743.x","article-title":"Bronchial obstructive phenotypes in the first year of life among Paris birth cohort infants","volume":"20","author":"Clarisse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:09:10Z","timestamp":1760818150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}