{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:17:29Z","timestamp":1791062249987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inappropriate staff behaviours can lead to environmental contamination in the operating room (OR) and subsequent surgical site infection (SSI). This study will focus on the continued assessment of OR staff behaviours using a motion tracking system and their impact on the SSI risk during surgical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicentre prospective cross-sectional study will include 10 ORs of cardiac and orthopaedic surgery in 12 healthcare facilities (HCFs). The staff behaviour will be assessed by an objective, continued and prolonged quantification of movements within the OR. A motion tracking system including eight optical cameras (VICON-Bonita) will record the movements of reflective markers placed on the surgical caps\/hoods of each person entering the room. Different configurations of markers positioning will be used to distinguish between the staff category. Doors opening will be observed by means of wireless inertial sensors fixed on the doors and synchronised with the motion tracking system. We will collect information on the OR staff, surgical procedures and surgical environment characteristics. The behavioural data obtained will be compared (1) to the \u2018best behaviour rules\u2019 in the OR, pre-established using a Delphi method and (2) to surrogates of the infectious risk represented by microbiological air counts, particle counts, and a bacteriological sample of the wound at closing. Statistics will be performed using univariate and multivariate analysis to adjust on the aerolic and architectural characteristics of the OR. A multilevel model will allow including surgical specialty and HCFs effects. Through this study, we will develop an original approach using high technology tools associated to data processing techniques to evaluate \u2018automatically\u2019 the behavioural dynamics of the OR staff and their impact on the SSI risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approbation of the Institutional Review Board of Paris North Hospitals, Paris 7 University, AP-HP (no 11-113, 6 April 2012). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, and national and international conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T20:19:55Z","timestamp":1388693995000},"page":"e004274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Attitudes, risk of infection and behaviours in the operating room (the ARIBO Project): a prospective, cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Birgand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France"},{"name":"Infection Control Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Micro\u00e9lectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), CNRS: UMR5506\u2014Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II\u2014Sciences et techniquesNRIA Sophia Antipolis-LIRMM, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Montbonnot, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaelle","family":"Toupet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Pissard-Gibollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Montbonnot, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Grandbastien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Unit, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Montbonnot, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parall\u00e9lisme (LIP), PRES Universit\u00e9 de Lyon\u2014CNRS: UMR5668\u2014Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\u2014Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Lyon I, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lucet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France"},{"name":"Infection Control Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120521092197000_4.1.e004274.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591064"},{"key":"2025120521092197000_4.1.e004274.2","unstructured":"European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. 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