{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:04:43Z","timestamp":1758474283190,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the damage location distribution of five main body region injuries of maximum abbreviated injury score (MAIS) 3\u20136 injured occupants for nearside struck vehicle in front-to-side impact crashes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants information was extracted from the US-National Automotive Sampling System\/Crashworthiness Data System in the year 2007; it included the head\/face\/neck, chest, pelvis, upper extremity and lower extremity. Struck vehicle collision damage was classified in a three-dimensional system according to the J224 Collision Deformation Classification of SAE Surface Vehicle Standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearside occupants seated directly adjacent to the struck side of the vehicle with MAIS 3\u20136 injured, in light truck vehicles\u2013passenger cars (LTV\u2013PC) side impact crashes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distribution of MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants by body regions and specific location of damage (lateral direction, horizontal direction and vertical direction) were examined. Injury risk ratio was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lateral crush zone contributed to MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants (n=705) and 50th centile injury risks when extended into zone 3. When the crush extended to zone 4, the injury risk ratio of MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants approached 81%. The horizontal crush zones contributing to the highest injury risk ratio of MAIS 3\u20136 occupants were zones \u2018D\u2019 and \u2018Y\u2019, and the injury risk ratios were 25.4% and 36.9%, respectively. In contrast, the lowest injury risk ratio was 5.67% caused by zone \u2018B\u2019. The vertical crush zone which contributed to the highest injury risk ratio of MAIS 3\u20136 occupants was zone \u2018E\u2019, whose injury risk ratio was 58%. In contrast, the lowest injury risk ratio was 0.14% caused by zone \u2018G+M\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest injury risk ratio of MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants caused by crush intrusion between 40 and 60\u2005cm in LTV\u2013PC nearside impact collisions and the damage region of the struck vehicle was in the zones \u2018E\u2019 and \u2018Y\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1399612313000},"page":"e004371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations between damage location and five main body region injuries of MAIS 3\u20136 injured occupants"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youming","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051511383974000_4.5.e004371.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2003.07.001"},{"key":"2024051511383974000_4.5.e004371.2","unstructured":"Bradsher K . 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