{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1791194374382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of habitual, high-intensity exercise training on the progression of atherosclerosis is unclear. We assessed indices of vascular health (central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arterial stiffness as well as carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT)) in addition to cardiovascular risk factors of trained runners versus their untrained spouses or partners to evaluate the impact of exercise on the development of carotid atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>field study at Boston Marathon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>42 qualifiers (mean age\u00b1SD: 46\u00b113\u2005years, 21 women) for the 2012 Boston Marathon and their sedentary domestic controls (46\u00b112\u2005years, n=21 women).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured medical and running history, vital signs, anthropometrics, blood lipids, C reactive protein (CRP), 10\u2005years Framingham risk, central arterial stiffness and SBP and cIMT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including CRP, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, heart rate, body weight and body mass index (all p&lt;0.05), were reduced in the runners. The left and right cIMT, as well as central SBP, were not different between the two groups (all p&gt;0.31) and were associated with age (all r\u22650.41; p&lt;0.01) and Framingham risk score (all r\u22650.44; p&lt;0.01) independent of exercise group (all p&gt;0.08 for interactions). The amplification of the central pressure waveform (augmentation pressure at heart rate 75\u2005bpm) was also not different between the two groups (p=0.07) but was related to age (p&lt;0.01) and group (p=0.02) in a multiple linear regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Habitual endurance exercise improves the cardiovascular risk profile, but does not reduce the magnitude of carotid atherosclerosis associated with age and cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,15]],"date-time":"2014-02-15T00:20:11Z","timestamp":1392423611000},"page":"e004498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Influence of chronic exercise on carotid atherosclerosis in marathon runners"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Beth A","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Hartford, Bloomfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Zaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A","family":"Capizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Troyanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron L","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre A","family":"D'Hemecourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin R","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618455839000_4.2.e004498.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000196964.24024.ea"},{"key":"2025120618455839000_4.2.e004498.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White HD Thygesen K Alpert JS . 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