{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:22:42Z","timestamp":1765740162851,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine whether regular use of a spray containing 1,2-octanediol 1%, which has been shown to inhibit survival of head lice, is able to work as a preventive against establishment of new infestations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Randomised, double-blind, cross-over, community study in Cambridgeshire, UK.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n 63 male and female schoolchildren aged 4\u201316 years judged to have a high risk of recurrent infestation. Only the youngest member of a household attending school participated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Participants were treated to eliminate lice, randomised between 1% octanediol or placebo sprays for 6\u2005weeks then crossed-over to the other spray for 6\u2005weeks. Parents applied the sprays at least twice weekly or more frequently if the hair was washed. Investigators monitored weekly for infestation and replenished supplies of spray.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary endpoint was the time taken until the first infestation event occurred. The secondary measure was safety of the product in regular use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Intention-to-treat analysis found a total of 32 confirmed infestations in 20 participants, with 9 of them infested while using both products. In these nine participants the time to first infestation showed a significant advantage to 1% octanediol (p=0.0129). Per-protocol analysis showed only trends because the population included was not large enough to demonstrate significance. There were no serious adverse events and only two adverse events possibly related to treatment, one was a case of transient erythema and another of a rash that resolved after 5\u2005days.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Routine use of 1% octanediol spray provided a significant level of protection from infestation. It was concluded that this product is effective if applied regularly and thoroughly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n ISRCTN09524995.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]],"date-time":"2014-05-31T00:41:06Z","timestamp":1401496866000},"page":"e004634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevention of head louse infestation: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study of a novel concept product, 1% 1,2-octanediol spray versus placebo"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ian F","family":"Burgess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Brunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazma A","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Centre, Insect Research & Development Limited, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146642409311300603"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00795.x"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.3","first-page":"31","article-title":"Novel phenomena arising from the use of acetylcholineesterase inhibiting insecticides against human head lice","volume":"3","author":"Maunder","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.4","first-page":"630","article-title":"Malathion lotions for head lice\u2014a less reliable treatment than commonly believed","volume":"247","author":"Burgess","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.5","first-page":"692","article-title":"The efficacy of d-phenothrin and permethrin formulations against head lice: a comparison","volume":"249","author":"Burgess","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.6","unstructured":"Burgess IF Brown CM . Management of insecticide resistance in head lice, Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). In: Robinson WH Rettich F Rambo GW , eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Control of Urban Pests. Prague: Grafick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, 1999:249\u201353."},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess IF . Dermatopharmacology of antiparasitics and insect repellents. In: Gabard B Elsner P Surber C Treffel P , eds. Dermatopharmacology of topical preparations. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1999:157\u201378.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57145-9_11"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035419","article-title":"1,2-Octanediol, a novel surfactant, for treating head louse infestation: identification of activity, formulation, and randomised, controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Burgess","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025121411184380000_4.5.e004634.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-15","article-title":"Dimeticone 4% liquid gel found to kill all lice and eggs with a single 15 minute application","volume":"4","author":"Burgess","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:18:56Z","timestamp":1765739936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004634","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}