{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:00:34Z","timestamp":1772690434327,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether changes in measures of fat distribution and body size during early life are associated with blood pressure at 36\u2005months of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of data collected from a prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-based investigation in Southampton, UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>761 children with valid blood pressure measurements, born to women participating in the Southampton Women\u2019s Survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anthropometric measurements were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36\u2005months and conditional changes between the time points calculated. Blood pressure was measured at 36\u2005months. Factors possibly influencing the blood pressure were assessed using linear regression. All independent variables of interest and confounding variables were included in stepwise multiple regression to identify the model that best predicted blood pressure at 36\u2005months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater conditional gains in abdominal circumference (AC) between 0\u20136 and 24\u201336\u2005months were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures at 36\u2005months (p&lt;0.001). Subscapular skinfold and height gains were weakly associated with higher blood pressures, while greater weight gains between 0\u20136, 12\u201324 and 24\u201336\u2005months were more strongly associated, but the dominant influences were AC gains, particularly from 0\u20136 to 24\u201336\u2005months. Thus one SD score increases in AC between 0\u20136 and 24\u201336\u2005months were associated with 1.59\u2005mm\u2005Hg (95% CI 0.97\u00a0to 2.21) and 1.84\u2005mm\u2005Hg (1.24\u00a0to 2.46) higher systolic blood pressures, respectively, and 1.04\u2005mm\u2005Hg (0.57 to 1.51) and 1.02\u2005mm\u2005Hg (0.56, 1.48) higher diastolic pressures, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conditional gains in abdominal circumference, particularly within 6\u2005months of birth and in the year preceding measurement, were more positively associated with blood pressure at 36\u2005months than gains in other anthropometric measures. Above-average AC gains in early childhood may contribute to adult hypertension and increased cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]],"date-time":"2014-07-03T20:28:03Z","timestamp":1404419283000},"page":"e005412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association of early childhood abdominal circumference and weight gain with blood pressure at 36\u2005months of age: secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Caryl A","family":"Nowson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah 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