{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1790854969367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Powered paragliding (PPG) and paragliding are two totally different sports, mainly because of the use of an engine in powered paragliding. As a consequence, the pattern of injuries caused by each of these two sports may be different.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test this hypothesis, we analysed 384 incident reports gathered by the US Powered Paragliding Association from 1995 to 2012. The majority of the incidents occurred in the USA, while 26 incidents occurred elsewhere: Canada (8), Mexico (5), Panama (1), China (1), Japan (1), Malaysia (1), Indonesia (Java) (1), Europe (8): of which Spain (1), Belgium (1), UK (3), Italy (1), Romania (1), unknown (1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the most affected body area and the most common type of injury sustained in PPG, and to highlight any differences from paragliding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most affected body areas in PPG were the upper limbs (44.5%), followed by the lower limbs (32%), the back (9.8%), the head (7%), the pelvis (3.1), the chest (2.7%) and the abdomen (0.7%) (p&lt;0.001). The engine caused 43 accidents (11.2%) in our study and was responsible for the majority of injuries to the upper limbs. The number of fatal accidents in PPG is not lower than in paragliding and hang-gliding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To help prevent the specific injuries of PPG, the most appropriate equipment should be identified. The results of this study also suggest that, in the future, this sport should be analysed separately from paragliding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,29]],"date-time":"2014-08-29T00:48:00Z","timestamp":1409273280000},"page":"e005508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Accidents and injuries related to powered paragliding: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3621-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Feletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Radiologia, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci-Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna, Ausl della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy"},{"name":"ExtremeSportMed, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Goin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B.S. Aeronautical Science, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA"},{"name":"U.S. Powered Paragliding Association, Dover, Delaware, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.1","unstructured":"Footflyer\u2014The source for powered paragliding information. http:\/\/www.footflyer.com\/Safety\/Incidents\/incidents_and_analysis.htm (Oct 2013)."},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajss.20130101.12","article-title":"Multiple injuries in paramotoring: a case report to assess this sport's risks","volume":"1","author":"Feletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rekand T. The epidemiology of injury in hang-gliding and paragliding. Med Sport Sci 2012;58:44\u201356.","DOI":"10.1159\/000338581"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.4","unstructured":"USPPA- United States Powered Paragliding Association. http:\/\/www.usppamembers.org (Oct 2013)."},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00003","article-title":"Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries","volume":"16","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00528.x"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.7","first-page":"193","article-title":"Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries","volume":"40","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.8","first-page":"109","article-title":"The Munich NACA score: modification of the NACA score for preclinical emergency medicine","volume":"8","author":"Lackner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Notfall und Rettungsmedizin"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182706","article-title":"Injuries in paragliding","volume":"16","author":"Zeller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2588-9","article-title":"Changes in cerebral oxygenation during parabolic flight","volume":"113","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.2.98"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(1997)008[0129:PAIRA]2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Paragliding accidents in remote areas","volume":"8","author":"Fasching","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102158","article-title":"Spinal cord injuries among paragliders in Norway","volume":"46","author":"Rekand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.193","article-title":"Spinal and pelvic injuries in airborne sports: a retrospective analysis from a major Swiss trauma centre","volume":"43","author":"Hasler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00063110-200303000-00008","article-title":"Paragliding accidents-the spine is at risk. A study from a Swiss Trauma Centre","volume":"10","author":"Exadaktylos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000216502.39386.70","article-title":"Paragliding accidents with spinal cord injury: 10 years\u2019 experience at a single institution","volume":"31","author":"Gauler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2025121604472123000_4.8.e005508.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laver L, Mei-Dan O. Paragliding. In: Mei-Dan O, Carmont RM, eds. Adventure and Extreme Sports Injuries. 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