{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T04:00:40Z","timestamp":1770436840503,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disordered breathing in the paediatric population can manifest as an array of different systemic symptoms; among them is a distinct malocclusion and craniofacial phenotype. Emerging research suggests that the treatment of this malocclusion and\/or craniofacial phenotype through orthodontic intervention may help with the symptoms of these patients. Selecting the patients who would benefit from orthodontic treatment can be a difficult task for the physician with minimal dental training. Therefore the aim of this study is to develop a simple index to be used by medical professionals to identify those paediatric patients with orthodontic treatment needs who may benefit their obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methodology in this project has been devised through the WHO's recommendations on developing an index, with modifications based on the specific needs of this study. Based on the available literature, a draft index will be produced and subjected to multiple iterative revisions based on the feedback from: the Index Development Group, a group of multidisciplinary and internationally acclaimed experts in the field; the External Review Group, a group of potential end users and interested parties and the Steering Committee. Once the index has been formalised, it will be subjected to a pair of reliability tests using physicians and orthodontists scored 2\u2005weeks apart. Subsequently, the index will be validated using dichotomous responses from orthodontists on whether they would treat a patient for OSA symptoms, and comparing the responses to the score of the index on the same patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The index will be translated into French and will be presented in orthodontic and medical conferences, workshops, seminars, round table discussions, and free copies for download will be made available on the website of the University of Alberta Interdisciplinary Airway Research Clinic (iarc.ualberta.ca). Furthermore, the index will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal to further increase the exposure of the index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T01:29:47Z","timestamp":1411090187000},"page":"e005680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Developing an index for the orthodontic treatment need in paediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a protocol for a novel communication tool between physicians and orthodontists"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Altalibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humam","family":"Saltaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Roduta Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Inter-disciplinary Airway Research Clinic (I-ARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.44"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-135MG"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.4.963"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.3.360"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.6.731","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"32","author":"Bixler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.134858"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.554"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.03.023"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030323","article-title":"Neural and neurobehavioral dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"3","author":"Beebe","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.3.449"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.6.1131","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"27","author":"Crabtree","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030301"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70331-8"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9704080"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105118"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.119"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.02.027","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in pediatric patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea with or without positive airway pressure therapy: a cross-sectional cephalometric comparison with controls","volume":"144","author":"Korayem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.08.021"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2013.0113"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho FR Lentini-Oliveira D Machado MA . Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(2):CD005520.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005520.pub2"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2011031"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2319\/052710-233.1","article-title":"Class II correction improves nocturnal breathing in adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Schutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.523"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0840-5","article-title":"Effects of twin block appliance on obstructive sleep apnea in children: a preliminary study","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2012.02.003","article-title":"Effectiveness and outcome of oral appliance therapy","volume":"56","author":"Pliska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.27","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction on craniofacial structures and upper-airway dimension","volume":"72","author":"Hiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/122806-535.1"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm076"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji095"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/072408-391.1"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2319\/082610-499.1","article-title":"Correlation between skeletal changes by maxillary protraction and upper airway dimensions","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.11.003"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.34","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012) WHO Handbook for guideline development. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/topics\/mtct\/grc_handbook_mar2010_1.pdf (aaccessed 10 Sep 2013)."},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2070(99)00018-7"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.9.3.458"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.2.125"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.3.180"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/27.2.149"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999","article-title":"The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority","volume":"11","author":"Brook","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-074"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.42","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate","volume":"24","author":"Mars","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.3.243"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.3.251"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjm006"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.46","first-page":"194","article-title":"The evaluation of arch form and occlusion in unilateral cleft palate subjects","volume":"9","author":"Huddart","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90002-9"},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.48","unstructured":"Streiner DL Norman GR . Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1995."},{"key":"2025121403390879000_4.9.e005680.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T11:39:20Z","timestamp":1765712360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005680","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}