{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:51:57Z","timestamp":1791139917420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the recorded indication for antipsychotic prescriptions in UK primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals prescribed antipsychotics between 2007 and 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of individuals prescribed antipsychotics with a diagnosis of (1) psychosis and bipolar disorder, (2) other diagnoses including depression, anxiety and dementia and (3) none of these diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 47\u2005724 individuals prescribed antipsychotic agents. 13\u2005941 received first-generation agents and 27\u2005966 received second-generation agents. The rates of prescribing were higher in females (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.092 (95% CI 1.088 to 1.095), older people (80+ vs 40\u201349; IRR 2.234 (2.222 to 2.246)) and in those from the most deprived areas (most deprived vs least deprived IRR 3.487 (3.567 to 3.606). Of those receiving first-generation antipsychotics, less than 50% had a diagnosis of psychosis\/bipolar disorder. For the second-generation agents, the numbers ranged from 4824 (36%) for quetiapine to 7094 (62%) for olanzapine. In patients without psychosis\/bipolar disorder, common diagnoses included anxiety, depression, dementia, sleep and personality disorders. For example, in risperidone users, 14% had an anxiety code, 22% depression, 12% dementia, 11% sleep disorder and 4% personality disorder. The median daily doses and duration of treatment were greater in those with schizophrenia (eg, risperidone median daily dose 4\u2005mg; IQR 2\u20136: median duration 1.2\u2005years) than in those with non-psychotic\/bipolar disorders such as depression or anxiety (eg, risperidone 1\u2005mg; IQR 1\u20132: 0.6\u2005years). A relatively large proportion (between 6% and 17%) of people receiving individual antipsychotics had none of the diagnoses stated above.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In UK primary care, a large proportion of people prescribed antipsychotics have no record of psychotic or bipolar disorder. They are often older people with conditions including dementia, non-psychotic depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T11:14:06Z","timestamp":1418987646000},"page":"e006135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Prescribing of antipsychotics in UK primary care: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Marston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin","family":"Nazareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P J","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051512484378000_4.12.e006135.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.15.1934"},{"key":"2024051512484378000_4.12.e006135.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1227"},{"key":"2024051512484378000_4.12.e006135.3","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 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