{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:09:23Z","timestamp":1788260963187,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To classify diseases based on age at peak incidence to identify risk factors for later disease in women's life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional baseline survey of participants in the Japan Nurses\u2019 Health Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationwide prospective cohort study on the health of Japanese nurses. The baseline survey was conducted between 2001 and 2007 (n=49\u2005927).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age at peak incidence for 20 diseases from a survey of Japanese women was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the Kernel smoothing technique. The incidence rate and peak incidence for diseases whose peak incidence occurred before the age of 45\u2005years or before the perimenopausal period were selected as early-onset diseases. The OR and 95% CI were estimated to examine the risk of comorbidity between early-onset and other diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four early-onset diseases (endometriosis, anaemia, migraine headache and uterine myoma) were significantly correlated with one another. Late-onset diseases significantly associated (OR&gt;2) with early-onset diseases included comorbid endometriosis with ovarian cancer (3.65 (2.16 to 6.19)), endometrial cancer (2.40 (1.14 to 5.04)) and cerebral infarction (2.10 (1.15 to 3.85)); comorbid anaemia with gastric cancer (3.69 (2.68 to 5.08)); comorbid migraine with transient ischaemic attack (3.06 (2.29 to 4.09)), osteoporosis (2.11 (1.71 to 2.62)), cerebral infarction (2.04 (1.26 to 3.30)) and angina pectoris (2.00 (1.49 to 2.67)); and comorbid uterine myoma with colorectal cancer (2.31 (1.48 to 3.61)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While there were significant associations between four early-onset diseases, women with a history of one or more of the early-onset diseases had a higher risk of other diseases later in their life course. Understanding the history of early-onset diseases in women may help reduce the subsequent risk of chronic diseases in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T21:52:49Z","timestamp":1426110769000},"page":"e006360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Disease history and risk of comorbidity in women's life course: a comprehensive analysis of the Japan Nurses\u2019 Health Study baseline survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kazue","family":"Nagai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Community Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Community Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Technology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Katanoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Iso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Wakatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Mizunuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.12.011","article-title":"InterLACE: a new international collaboration for a life course approach to women's reproductive health and chronic disease events","volume":"74","author":"Mishra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh275"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.59.12"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.14746"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.687"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-2215-3-2","article-title":"Endometriosis\u2013associated ovarian cancer: a ten\u2013year cohort study of women living in the Estrie Region of Quebec, Canada","volume":"3","author":"Aris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00768-9"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.15.1824"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d0cc8b"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.679"},{"key":"2025120518475196000_5.3.e006360.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW , Lemeshow S , May S . 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