{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:00:49Z","timestamp":1771002049856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), low-dose aspirin and statins may decrease the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) among patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BO). However, previous studies did not adequately address bias and confounding. Our objective was to estimate the risk of OAC among patients with BO exposed to NSAIDs, statins and PPIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013control study nested within a BO cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two primary care databases (the UK and the Netherlands (NL)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases were adults \u226518\u2005years of age with OAC or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) diagnosis \u22651\u2005year after BO diagnosis. Controls were matched on age, sex, year of BO diagnosis and database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug use was assessed from BO diagnosis until matching date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjusted ORs with 95% CI were calculated by conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the BO cohort (n=15\u2005134), 45 OAC (UK: 40, NL: 5) and 12 HGD cases (NL: 12) were identified. ORa for OAC during NSAID use was 1.2 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.5) and during statin use for &gt;3\u2005years 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.7). When including HGD cases (n=57), ORa for NSAID use was 0.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.8) and for statin use &gt;3\u2005years 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.7). Higher doses of statins showed lower estimates for OAC and HGD, though not statistically significant. Low-dose aspirin and PPIs did not significantly decrease the risk of OAC and HGD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this population-based nested case\u2013control study, use of NSAIDs, PPIs, low-dose aspirin or statins did not reduce the risk of HGD and OAC among patients with BO. These findings indicate that for an unselected group of patients with BO chemoprevention by use of drugs to reduce progression to HGD and OAC should not be directly considered as routine care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]],"date-time":"2015-01-29T23:30:33Z","timestamp":1422574233000},"page":"e006640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["NSAIDs, statins, low-dose aspirin and PPIs, and the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a population-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gwen M C","family":"Masclee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preciosa M","family":"Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manon C W","family":"Spaander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst J","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam C J M","family":"Sturkenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1314704","article-title":"Barrett's esophagus","volume":"371","author":"Spechler","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01835.x"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.028076"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.176701"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300730"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.6","unstructured":"Globocan 2008 Worldwide Cancer Incidence M, Prevalence and Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (accessed 11 Jul 2014)."},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn121"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.10.010"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.07.019"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12759"},{"key":"2025121411561399000_5.1.e006640.11","unstructured":"WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository. 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