{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:17:00Z","timestamp":1781727420710,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the relationship between cycling injury severity and personal, trip, route and crash characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from a previous study of injury risk, conducted in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, were used to classify injury severity using four metrics: (1) did not continue trip by bike; (2) transported to hospital by ambulance; (3) admitted to hospital; and (4) Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations with personal, trip, route and crash characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 683 adults injured while cycling, 528 did not continue their trip by bike, 251 were transported by ambulance and 60 were admitted to hospital for further treatment. Treatment urgencies included 75 as CTAS=1 or 2 (most medically urgent), 284 as CTAS=3, and 320 as CTAS=4 or 5 (least medically urgent). Older age and collision with a motor vehicle were consistently associated with increased severity in all four metrics and statistically significant in three each (both variables with ambulance transport and CTAS; age with hospital admission; and motor vehicle collision with did not continue by bike). Other factors were consistently associated with more severe injuries, but statistically significant in one metric each: downhill grades; higher motor vehicle speeds; sidewalks (these significant for ambulance transport); multiuse paths and local streets (both significant for hospital admission).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In two of Canada's largest cities, about one-third of the bicycle crashes were collisions with motor vehicles and the resulting injuries were more severe than in other crash circumstances, underscoring the importance of separating cyclists from motor vehicle traffic. Our results also suggest that bicycling injury severity and injury risk would be reduced on facilities that minimise slopes, have lower vehicle speeds, and that are designed for bicycling rather than shared with pedestrians.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]],"date-time":"2015-01-06T21:58:33Z","timestamp":1420581513000},"page":"e006654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Severity of urban cycling injuries and the relationship with personal, trip, route and crash characteristics: analyses using four severity metrics"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Peter A","family":"Cripton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff R","family":"Brubacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7871-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"University Health Network, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Anne","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor C O","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Cusimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery and Injury Prevention Research Office, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Education and Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelina","family":"Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Teschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.03.006"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.08.009"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm064"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405659","article-title":"Exposure-based traffic crash injury rates by mode of travel in British Columbia","volume":"104","author":"Teschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.5","first-page":"299","article-title":"Comparisons of cycle use for the journey to work from the \u201881, \u201891 and 2001 censuses","volume":"44","author":"Parkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Traffic Eng Control"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01441640701806612"},{"key":"2025101815193552000_5.1.e006654.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2011.03.001","article-title":"Bicycling renaissance in North America? 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