{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:21:37Z","timestamp":1791390097418,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the current health of the Deaf community in the UK and compare with the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quota sample of adult Deaf British Sign Language (BSL) users underwent a health assessment and interview in 2012\u20132013. Comparative data were obtained from the Health Survey for England (HSE) 2011 and the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed a structured interview and health assessment at seven Bupa centres across the UK, supported in BSL by Deaf advisers and interpreters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>298 Deaf people, 20\u201382\u2005years old, 47% male, with 12% from ethnic minorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2013reported health conditions, medication usage, tobacco and alcohol consumption; measured blood pressure (BP), body mass index, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rates of obesity in the Deaf sample were high, especially in those over 65\u2005years, and 48% were in a high risk group for serious illness. High BP readings were obtained in 37% of Deaf people (21% in HSE): 29% were unaware of this (6% in HSE). Only 42% of Deaf people being treated for hypertension had adequate control, compared with 62% of the general population. Deaf people with self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) were significantly less than the general population. One-third of Deaf participants had total cholesterol &gt;5\u2005mmol\/L but although control rates were high compared with HSE, treatment rates for self-reported CVD were half the general population rate. Eleven per cent of Deaf participants had blood sugar at prediabetic or diabetic levels, and 77% of those at prediabetic levels were unaware of it. Deaf respondents self-reported more depression (31% of women, 14% of men), but less smoking (8%) and alcohol intake (2\u20138 units\/week).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deaf people's health is poorer than that of the general population, with probable underdiagnosis and undertreatment of chronic conditions putting them at risk of preventable ill health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,25]],"date-time":"2015-01-25T20:19:55Z","timestamp":1422217195000},"page":"e006668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The current health of the signing Deaf community in the UK compared with the general population: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Emond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Ridd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deaf Studies Trust, The Vassall Centre, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Allsop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deaf Studies Trust, The Vassall Centre, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SignHealth, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deaf Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121404304543000_5.1.e006668.1","unstructured":"Kyle JG , Woll B . Sign language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985."},{"key":"2025121404304543000_5.1.e006668.2","unstructured":"ONS. UK census 2011. http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/guide-method\/census\/2011\/"},{"key":"2025121404304543000_5.1.e006668.3","unstructured":"RNID. A simple cure. 2004. http:\/\/www.stah.org\/Portals\/0\/docs\/RNID%20A%20Simple%20Cure.pdf survey"},{"key":"2025121404304543000_5.1.e006668.4","unstructured":"Kyle J , Reilly AM , Allsop L , et al . Investigation of Access to Public Services in BSL. 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