{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:18:10Z","timestamp":1789384690285,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) may develop painful \u2018procedure tract metastasis\u2019 (PTM) at the site of previous pleural interventions. Prophylactic radiotherapy has been used to minimise this complication; however, three small randomised trials have shown conflicting results regarding its effectiveness. The surgical and large bore procedures in malignant pleural mesothelioma and radiotherapy trial (SMART Trial) is a suitably powered, multicentre, randomised controlled trial, designed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic radiotherapy within 42\u2005days of pleural instrumentation in preventing the development of PTM in MPM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>203 patients with a histocytologically proven diagnosis of MPM, who have undergone a large bore pleural intervention (thoracic surgery, large bore chest drain, indwelling pleural catheter or local anaesthetic thoracoscopy) in the previous 35\u2005days, will be recruited from UK hospitals. Patients will be randomised (1:1) to receive immediate radiotherapy (21\u2005Gy in 3 fractions over 3 working days within 42\u2005days of the pleural intervention) or deferred radiotherapy (21\u2005Gy in 3 fractions over 3 working days given if a PTM develops). Patients will be followed up for 12\u2005months. The primary outcome measure is the rate of PTM until death or 12\u2005months (whichever is sooner), as defined by the presence of a clinically palpable nodule of at least 1\u2005cm diameter felt within 7\u2005cm of the margins of the procedure site as confirmed by two assessors. Secondary outcome measures include chest pain, quality of life, analgaesic requirements, healthcare utilisation and safety (including radiotherapy toxicity).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trial has received ethical approval from the Southampton B Research Ethics Committee (11\/SC\/0408). There is a Trial Steering Committee, including independent members and a patient and public representative. The trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ISRCTN72767336.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T21:43:02Z","timestamp":1420839782000},"page":"e006673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protocol for the surgical and large bore procedures in malignant pleural mesothelioma and radiotherapy trial (SMART Trial): an RCT evaluating whether prophylactic radiotherapy reduces the incidence of procedure tract metastases"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn72767336","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia O","family":"Clive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Design Service South West, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna J","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"de Winton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Panakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Pepperell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J P","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y C Gary","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Devon Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Torbay, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick A","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511435922000_5.1.e006673.1","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. 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