{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:30:45Z","timestamp":1780486245069,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), a standard tool for evaluating malignancies, can also detect inflammatory lesions. However, its usefulness in evaluating muscle lesions in polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes (PM\/DM) has not been established.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>33 patients with PM\/DM who had undergone FDG PET were retrospectively analysed. FDG uptake was visually evaluated (visually identified FDG uptake, vFDG) in 16 regions of the body using mediastinum blood vessels as a positivity criterion. We also calculated the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) in all four limbs of the patients with PM\/DM as well as in 22 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with similar disabilities. In 24 patients with PM\/DM, MRI and FDG PET findings were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>vFDG was observed in multiple muscle lesions with varying distributions in two-thirds of the patients with PM\/DM, with most lesions being symmetrical. The number of vFDG-positive regions strongly correlated with the mean SUVmax in all four limbs (p&lt;0.0001). Histological grades of biopsied muscles correlated with both the mean SUVmax and number of vFDG-positive regions. Serum creatine kinase levels were higher in patients with more than two vFDG-positive regions than in those with two or less regions (p&lt;0.05). While the inflamed muscles showed diffused, patchy or marginal signal abnormalities on MRI, FDG uptake was most prominent inside the muscles. Compared with ALS, the mean SUVmax was significantly higher in the patients with PM\/DM (p&lt;0.0001) and showed a striking correlation in the bilateral muscles, reflecting symmetrical muscle involvement in PM\/DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The visual assessment of FDG uptake as well as calculation of SUV enabled us to comprehensively evaluate skeletal muscle. This method can improve clinical practices and provide insights into pathomechanisms of PM\/DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T23:28:00Z","timestamp":1421105280000},"page":"e006763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Clinical values of FDG PET in polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes: imaging of skeletal muscle inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Maki","family":"Tateyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Iwate National Hospital, Iwate, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kaneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120682"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000434671.77891.9a","article-title":"Update in inclusion body myositis","volume":"25","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0741"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.4","unstructured":"Engel AG, Hohlfeld R. The polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes. In: Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, eds. Myology. 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, 2004:1321\u201366."},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8387-6","article-title":"The evolving spectrum of polymyositis and dermatomyositis-moving towards clinicoserological syndromes: a critical review","volume":"47","author":"Tansley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allerg Immunol"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws106"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0698-7"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.076232"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06031.x"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-011-1967-x"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0581-x"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111597"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.13","first-page":"570","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the assessment of myositis: a case series","volume":"30","author":"Pipitone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket112"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.16","first-page":"293","article-title":"El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"2000","journal-title":"ALS Motor Neuron Disord"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31828731f5","article-title":"Responsiveness of FDG PET\/CT to treatment of patients with active chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"38","author":"Sobic-Saranovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.02.006"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem088"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.20","first-page":"W475","article-title":"Fat-corrected T2 measurement as a marker of active muscle disease in inflammatory myopathy","volume":"198","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0930-4"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.22","first-page":"410","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and polymyositis: new treatment targets on the horizon","volume":"69","author":"Hak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.11.012"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6813","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT useful for the early detection of rapidly progressive fatal interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis","volume":"51","author":"Morita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2025102702551119000_5.1.e006763.25","first-page":"29","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of physiologic muscle uptake detected with whole-body 18F-FDG PET","volume":"34","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:55:18Z","timestamp":1761558918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006763","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}