{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:50:10Z","timestamp":1790056210745,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the clinimetric properties and to evaluate the internal consistency, validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in older patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement (TKR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study performed at the university hospital and the outpatient clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients were asked to complete the KOOS questionnaire and the Short Form 36 Health Survey. We evaluated floor\/ceiling effects, reliability (using Cronbach's \u03b1, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and measurement error), structural validity (performing exploratory principal factor analysis), construct validity (with the use of 3 a priori hypotheses) and responsiveness (using data obtained before and after the surgery, and described by Global Perceived Effect, effect size and standardised response mean).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study consisted of 68 participants (mean age 68.8, 82% women). The floor effects were found prior to surgery for the subscales Sports and Recreation Function, and Quality of Life. The Cronbach's \u03b1 was from 0.90 to 0.92 for all subscales, indicating excellent internal consistency. The test\u2013retest reliability at follow-up was excellent, with ICCs ranging from 0.81 to 0.86 for all KOOS subscales. The minimal detectable change ranged from 18.2 to 24.3 on an individual level and from 2.4 to 2.9 on a group level. All KOOS items were relevant, and all a priori established hypotheses were supported. Responsiveness was confirmed with a statistically significant correlation between all KOOS subscales and the Global Perceived Effect score (ranging from 0.56 to 0.70, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Polish version of KOOS demonstrated good reliability, validity and responsiveness for use in patient groups that had undergone TKR. Since the smallest change considered clinically relevant cannot reliably be detected in individual cases, the Polish version of KOOS is advocated for assessment of groups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T22:11:17Z","timestamp":1435961477000},"page":"e006947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Validation of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total knee replacement"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw Tomasz","family":"Paradowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University, WAM University Hospital, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"K\u0119ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint, Regional Center of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Radli\u0144ski Hospital, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wito\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint, Regional Center of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Radli\u0144ski Hospital, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02714"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1119-9"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2921"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00465.x","article-title":"Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)\u2014validation of a Swedish version","volume":"8","author":"Roos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.6","unstructured":"Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. http:\/\/www.koos.nu\/index.html"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.03.004"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.05.005"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.08.007"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-16"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.01.009"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0112-9","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Japanese Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-107","article-title":"Cross-cultural translation and measurement properties of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"11","author":"Paradowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.14","unstructured":"Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments. http:\/\/www.cosmin.nl\/index.php"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.2.220"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.4172\/hccr.1000e103","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the knee: assessing the disease","volume":"2","author":"Paradowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Care Curr Rev"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-17"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.19","unstructured":"Ware JE , Kosinski M , Keller SD . SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales: a user's manual. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, 1988."},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.20","first-page":"1302","article-title":"The Polish version of the SF-36v2 questionnaire for the quality of life assessment (article in Polish)","volume":"67","author":"\u017bo\u0142nierczyk-Zreda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593882"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.22","unstructured":"Nunnally JC , Bernstein IR . Psychometric theory. 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994."},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00002"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462301107038","article-title":"Reproducibility and responsiveness of evaluative outcome measures. Theoretical considerations illustrated by an empirical example","volume":"17","author":"de Vet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-9109-9"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.28","unstructured":"Juniper EF , Guyatt GH , Jaeschke R . How to develop and validate a new health-related quality of life instrument. In: Spilker B , ed. Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:49\u201356."},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00015"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(05)80019-4"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-152"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.11.019"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.265"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.35","unstructured":"Comrey AL , Lee HB . A first course of factor analysis. 2nd edn. New York: Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 1992."},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.36","first-page":"23","article-title":"The observation to variable ratio in factor analysis","volume":"1","author":"Barrett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pers Study Group Behav"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447603600410"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164405282485"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Best practice in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2065::AID-ART356>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003685442"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21420"},{"key":"2025121514480418000_5.7.e006947.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem308"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:48:24Z","timestamp":1765838904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006947","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}}}