{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T03:56:53Z","timestamp":1776139013295,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several studies have reported associations between restricted fetal development, as shown by birth weight or birth length, and later ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have examined the importance of these perinatal factors when taking into account gestational age at birth, hereditary factors, sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. This study investigated the importance of perinatal risk factors for premature IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) in a large Swedish cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National cohort study of 1\u2005970\u2005869 individuals who were live-born in Sweden in 1973 through 1992, and followed up to 2010 (ages 18\u201338\u2005years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcome was IHD, and the secondary outcome was MI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 668 individuals were diagnosed with IHD in 18.8 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD, low fetal growth was associated with increased risk of IHD (HR for &lt;\u22122 vs \u22121 to &lt;1 SD, 1.54; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.07; p=0.004) and increased risk of MI (HR for &lt;\u22122 vs \u22121 to &lt;1 SD, 2.48; 95% CI 1.66 to 3.71; p&lt;0.001) in young adulthood. In contrast, gestational age at birth was not associated with the risk of IHD or MI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large national cohort, low fetal growth was strongly associated with IHD and MI in young adulthood, independently of gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T12:27:42Z","timestamp":1433334462000},"page":"e007308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Perinatal risk factors for premature ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish national cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bengt","family":"Z\u00f6ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Crump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90710-1","article-title":"Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(96)80066-7"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03482-4"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04547-3"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7105.396"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04257-2"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7153.241"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7181.427"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1235"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.58.2.120"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi137"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38434.629630.E0"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.528356"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi048"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-2-1"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-008-9301-z"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181fe1e74"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.514283","article-title":"Relationship between birth size and coronary heart disease in China","volume":"42","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1244","article-title":"Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life?","volume":"85","author":"Huxley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710715"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9892-5","article-title":"Cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease in young adults born preterm: a population-based Swedish cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Ueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01412.x"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.6.1310"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3246"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2108"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq440"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.987339"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14164.x"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bio Med Central Public Health"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.suppl_1.S30"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489302100102","article-title":"Validity of register data on acute myocardial infarction and acute stroke: the Skaraborg Hypertension Project","volume":"21","author":"Lindblad","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1331"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3856"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.35","first-page":"77","article-title":"Risk factors for premature myocardial infarction: a matched case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Kazemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.026518"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.06.014","article-title":"Low degree of shared genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease and venous thromboembolism","volume":"134","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2739"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2001.00601.x"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.072009"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01085.x"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gas050"},{"key":"2025121410415517000_5.6.e007308.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3345"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:42:06Z","timestamp":1765737726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007308","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}