{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:39:00Z","timestamp":1787017140682,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent qualitative research found young men reporting that an expectation that eating disorders (EDs) mainly affect young women led them, and others, to only recognise their symptoms when their ED had become entrenched. This raises questions about how these stereotypes persist. We therefore explored how EDs in males were represented in articles published in UK newspapers over a 10-year period (7.12.2002\u20137.12.2012), specifically attending to whether newsprint media represent EDs in males as \u2018gender appropriate\u2019, \u2018gender anomalous\u2019 or \u2018gender neutral\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative thematic analysis of UK newspaper articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched two databases, Newsbank and LexisNexis, for newspaper articles including ED and male terms in the lead\/first paragraph. Following de-duplication, 420 articles were scrutinised; 138 met inclusion criteria for detailed textual analysis and were imported into NVivo10.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of articles peaked in 2008 when a UK politician announced that he had experienced bulimia nervosa. Analysis of how the articles portrayed male ED-related characterisations and experiences revealed that they conveyed ambiguous messages about EDs in males. Despite apparently aiming to dispel stereotypes that only young women experience EDs and to address stigma surrounding EDs in males, many aspects of the articles, including repetition of phrases such as \u2018a young woman's illness\u2019, serve to reinforce messages that EDs are inherently \u2018female\u2019 and so \u2018anomalous\u2019 for men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Newspaper articles represent men with EDs as\n                      <jats:italic>atypical of men<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as a result of having an ED (and any feminising or demasculinising characteristics associated with this),\n                      <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                      as\n                      <jats:italic>atypical of people with EDs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , who are still usually portrayed as teenage girls. Such media representations frame a cultural paradigm in which there is an expectation that men may feel shame about or strive to conceal EDs, potentially contributing to men with EDs delaying help-seeking, gaining late access to treatments and reducing chances of successful outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T19:41:36Z","timestamp":1448912496000},"page":"e007468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["\u201cIt's not healthy and it's decidedly not masculine\u201d: a media analysis of UK newspaper representations of eating disorders in males"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"MacLean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Sweeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERG Health Experiences Research Group, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.1","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Eating disorders: core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and related eating disorders (National Clinical Practice Guideline Number CG9). Leicester and London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2004."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004342","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004342","article-title":"The role of gendered constructions of eating disorders in delayed help-seeking in men: a qualitative interview study","volume":"4","author":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715512","article-title":"Eating disorders in men: undergdiagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood","volume":"20","author":"Strother","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715515","article-title":"An overview of anorexia nervosa in males","volume":"20","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.5","unstructured":"Sweeting H , Walker L , MacLean A , et al . Prevalence of eating disorders in males: a review of rates reported in academic research and UK mass media. Int J Men's Health 2015;4:86\u2013112."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.6","unstructured":"Thompson J , Brugha T , Palmer R . Eating disorders. In: McManus S , Meltzer H , Brugha T , et al . eds. Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: results of a household survey. Leeds, UK: NHS Information Centre for health and social care, 2009 :135\u201349."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002646"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0968(200008)8:4<321::AID-ERV355>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Eating disorders in males: a comparison with female patients","volume":"8","author":"Bramon-Bosch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20553"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-0153(03)00057-6"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715511","article-title":"Introduction to the special issue on males with eating disorders","volume":"20","author":"Cohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.39.4.464"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2007.04.006","article-title":"Presentation of eating disorders in the news media: what are the implications for patient diagnosis and treatment?","volume":"68","author":"O'Hara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.14","first-page":"76","article-title":"Being men with eating disorders: perspectives of male eating disorder service-users","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.570"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.16","first-page":"464","article-title":"The lived experience of male breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Donovon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/brst.2000.0173"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00248"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2532.1994.1120096.x","article-title":"A content analysis of the health information provided in women's weekly magazines","volume":"11","author":"Elliott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Librar Rev"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.06.004"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.09.011"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/136345939900300303"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.1993.9962963","article-title":"Framing analysis: an approach to news discourse","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Political Commun"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365097024005002"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/108107398127139"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.10.001","article-title":"Analysis of health stories in daily newspapers in the UK","volume":"127","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0968(199606)4:2<112::AID-ERV152>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Eating disorders and the ideal of feminine beauty in Italian newspapers and magazines","volume":"4","author":"Mondini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1006","article-title":"Eating disorders in the media: the changing nature of UK newspaper reports","volume":"18","author":"Shepherd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.29","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.abc.org.uk. Secondary 2014."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.30","unstructured":"UK National Readership Survery. http:\/\/www.nrs.co.uk\/. Secondary 2014."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.027"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2008.01084.x"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02467.x"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7227.114"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.35","first-page":"365","article-title":"Male anorexia nervosa: a new focus","volume":"22","author":"Crosscope-Happel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mental Health Couns"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.7.831","article-title":"Review of bulimia nervosa in males","volume":"148","author":"Carlat","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20355"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.01025.x"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70041-4","article-title":"Variation in number of general practitioner consultations before hospital referral for cancer: findings from the 2010 National Cancer Patient Experience Survey in England","volume":"13","author":"Lyratzopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604531"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.03.007"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.42","unstructured":"Leventhal L , Brisette I , Leventhal H . The common-sense model of the self-regulation of health and illness. In: Cameron L , Leventhal H . eds. The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour. London: Routledge, 2003:42\u201365."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.43","unstructured":"Pescosolido B . Bringing the \u201ccommunity\u201d into utilization models:how social networks link individual to changing systems of care. In: Kronenfeld JJ . ed. Research in the sociology of health care. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1996:171\u201397."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.44","unstructured":"Dingwall R . Aspects of illness. London: Wiley-Blackwell, 1976."},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2010.09.002"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018829506907"},{"key":"2025101811160934000_5.5.e007468.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9449-8"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:16:22Z","timestamp":1760811382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007468","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}