{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:09:44Z","timestamp":1790712584557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationwide large-scale survey was conducted to identify the prevalence and causal medications of adverse drug events (ADEs) that are caused by potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) given to homebound elderly patients, factors associated with ADEs, and measures taken by pharmacists to manage ADEs and their effects on ADEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire was mailed to 3321 pharmacies nationwide. It asked about the details of PIMs and ADEs of up to 5 patients for whom home visits were provided by a pharmacist. Questionnaire forms were filled in by pharmacists who visited the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 23 January and 13 February 2013, comprehensive assessment forms were sent to 3321 pharmacies. Data collected from 1890 pharmacies including data of 4815 patients were analysed and 28 patients of unknown sex were excluded. Their average age was 82.7\u2005years. PIMs were identified based on the 2003 Beers Criteria Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 600 patients who did not provide valid answers regarding the medications. In the remaining 4243 patients, one or more medications that were considered to be PIMs had been prescribed to 48.4% of patients. PIM-induced ADEs were found in 8% of these patients by pharmacists during home visits. The top ADE-inducing medications were strong anticholinergic antihistamines, benzodiazepines, sulpiride and digoxin. The most common ADEs associated with benzodiazepines were frequent lightheadedness, somnolence and sleepiness, which increase the risk of falls and subsequent fractures in elderly patients. The following factors associated with ADEs were identified: sex, pharmacist awareness of prescription issues, frequency of visits and time spent at patients\u2019 homes, and the frequency of detailed checks for patient adverse reactions by pharmacists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PIM prevalence associated with home healthcare in Japan was relatively high, as reported in previous studies. The present study suggests that pharmacists could reduce the incidence of PIMs and consequent ADEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T20:40:37Z","timestamp":1439239237000},"page":"e007581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Identification and prevalence of adverse drug events caused by potentially inappropriate medication in homebound elderly patients: a retrospective study using a nationwide survey in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mitsuko","family":"Onda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurina","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Shono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory of Practical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Nanaumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advance Pharma Research Office, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043617"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0073-0","article-title":"Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication in the adult, community-dwelling population in Switzerland","volume":"30","author":"Blozik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.11.1348"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.4","first-page":"35","article-title":"Promoting the System of Care-for-the-Elderly-at-home","volume":"8","author":"Suzuki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Jap J Prim Care"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.5","first-page":"11","article-title":"The economic analysis of home and hospital care for terminally Ill patients","volume":"35","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jap J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198005000-00009","article-title":"Home and hospital cost of terminal illness","volume":"18","author":"Bloom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.7","first-page":"155","article-title":"Comparative cost analysis of home and hospital treatment","volume":"216","author":"Vincent","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.8","first-page":"59","article-title":"An empirical study of a hospital-based home care program","volume":"22","author":"Dranove","year":"1985","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.9","first-page":"2","article-title":"A Preliminary Study about the Relationship between Workload and the Outcomes of Community Pharmacists\u2019 Home Visiting Service","volume":"32","author":"Onda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Soc Pharm"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.10","first-page":"84","article-title":"[The criteria of inappropriate prescribing in older patients; developing of Beers Criteria: The Japanese Version.]","volume":"137","author":"Imai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Jap Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.11","unstructured":"Keiji Ueda, Japan Pharmaceutical Association ed. 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Tokyo, Japan: Yakuji Nippo Ltd, 2006."},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12059","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medicines in a cohort of community-dwelling older people in New Zealand","volume":"14","author":"Nishtala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-013-9880-y","article-title":"Factors associated with potentially inappropriate medications use by the elderly according to Beers criteria 2003 and 2012","volume":"36","author":"Baldoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1071\/HC13182","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medication use: the Beers\u2019 Criteria used among older adults with depressive symptoms","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2006.06.010"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200089"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt192"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.18","first-page":"629","article-title":"Survey on psychotropic drug prescription pattern in six countries and areas in East Asia","volume":"32","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jap J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.19","first-page":"3","article-title":"Present situation and new prospect of psychotropic drugs in Japan-Towardthe 21th century","volume":"4","author":"Murasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jap J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/0002512-200825110-00004"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e31819d6ec9"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.22","first-page":"155","article-title":"An attempt at objective evaluation of the current situation of concomitant drug use for dementia outpatients at community pharmacies","volume":"15","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn J Drug Inform"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02831.x"},{"key":"2025121514591159000_5.8.e007581.24","unstructured":"Annual Report of a Health and Labour Sciences Research project \u201cRegulatory Science Integrative Research Project for Medical Drugs and Medical Devices: A Study on the Measures Regarding Active Involvement of Pharmacists in Community Healthcare\u201d (Assignment No. H23-Medical-General-013, Study Lead: Hirohisa Imai). 2013."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:59:18Z","timestamp":1765839558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007581","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}