{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:58:03Z","timestamp":1790272683108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Summarise chest ultrasound accuracy to diagnose radiological consolidation, referenced to chest CT in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). (2) Directly compared ultrasound with chest X-ray.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalised patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were eligible if adult participants in respiratory failure underwent chest ultrasound to diagnose consolidation referenced to CT. Exclusion: (1) not primary study, (2) not respiratory failure, (3) not chest ultrasound, (4) not consolidation, (5) translation unobtainable, (6) unable to extract data, (7) unable to obtain paper. 4 studies comprising 224 participants met inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As planned, paired forest plots display 95% CIs of sensitivity and specificity for ultrasound and chest X-ray. Sensitivity and specificity from each study are plotted in receiver operator characteristics space. Meta-analysis was planned if studies were sufficiently homogeneous and numerous (\u22654). Although this numerical requirement was met, meta-analysis was prevented by heterogeneous units of analysis between studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All studies were in intensive care, with either a high risk of selection bias or high applicability concerns. Studies had unclear or high risk of bias related to use of ultrasound. Only 1 study clearly performed ultrasound within 24\u2005h of respiratory failure diagnosis. Ultrasound sensitivity ranged from 0.91 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.97) to 1.00 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.00). Specificity ranged from 0.78 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.94) to 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00). In two studies, chest X-ray had lower sensitivity than ultrasound, but there were insufficient patients to compare specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four small studies suggest ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific for consolidation in ARF, but high risk of bias and concerns about applicability in all studies may have inflated diagnostic accuracy. Further robustly designed studies are needed to define the role of ultrasound in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (CRD42013006472).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T21:21:05Z","timestamp":1432070465000},"page":"e007838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound for CT-detected radiographic consolidation in hospitalised adults with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Hew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elinor K","family":"Harriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib M","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Mallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Incidence, severity, and mortality of acute respiratory failure in Berlin, Germany","volume":"151","author":"Lewandowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9808136"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4927","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit: secondary analysis of 17,869 cases in the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database","volume":"10","author":"Woodhead","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4926"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.5","first-page":"407","article-title":"Intensive care unit radiology: problems of interpretation","volume":"16","author":"Ovenfors","year":"1978","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.49416","article-title":"Reading chest radiographs in the critically ill (Part I): Normal chest radiographic appearance, instrumentation and complications from instrumentation","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5668"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2012.02816.x","article-title":"Chest ultrasound in practice: a review of utility in the clinical setting","volume":"42","author":"Hew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.10","first-page":"115","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia: a bivariate meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-50"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121434"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2012.12.004"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.1.1810051","article-title":"Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative","volume":"181","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1059\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.17","unstructured":"Macaskill P , Gatsonis C , Deeks JJ , et al . Chapter 10: analysing and presenting results. In: Deeks JJ , Bossuyt PM , Gatsonis C, eds . Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy Version 1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2010. http:\/\/srdta.cochrane.org\/"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200401000-00006"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2075-6"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2317-y"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2013.09.001","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of chest ultrasonography in the up-to-date work-up of the critical care setting","volume":"44","author":"Refaat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00006"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-678OC"},{"key":"2025120520504276000_5.5.e007838.24","first-page":"50","article-title":"The economic and clinical benefits of portable head\/neck CT imaging in the intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Masaryk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiol Manage"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:50:54Z","timestamp":1764996654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}