{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:40:17Z","timestamp":1760834417798,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although various effective interventions are available to help individuals quit smoking, the effect of educational levels on cessation rates has rarely been studied, and of the few intervention studies on this topic, the results have been conflicting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From October 2008 to August 2013, a partly retrospective non-randomised study was conducted in a smoking cessation clinic of a large general hospital in Beijing, China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 547 Chinese smokers who sought treatment were divided into two groups: a face-to-face counselling group (FC, n=149) and an FC group subjected to four telephone follow-up sessions (FCF, n=398).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated self-reported cessation rates by day 7 and after 6 and 12\u2005months and stratified the two groups by education levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 7-day and 6-month and 12-month continuous cessation rates of smokers of low education levels in the FC group at the time of the 12-month follow-up were 12.5%, 7.1% and 7.1%, respectively, which were lower than those of the highly educated smokers (16.1%, 12.9% and 9.7%, respectively). The results were opposite for the FCF group. The corresponding results for the highly educated smokers of the FCF group were 25.0%, 17.2% and 10.3%, respectively, which were lower than those for the smokers of low education levels (28.3%, 22.9% and 18.1%, respectively). However, significant differences were observed only among the FCF group participants who had experienced 12\u2005months of continuous abstinence, and the crude OR for these individuals was recorded at 0.52 (0.29 to 0.93), p=0.03. A stepwise logistic regression showed that education levels may play a role in various intervention methods. Being married and higher Fagerstr\u00f6m test scores were also predictors of cessation tendencies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Education levels may affect the benefits of booster counselling sessions on smoking cessation among Chinese smokers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T22:19:42Z","timestamp":1438813182000},"page":"e007885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationship between education levels and booster counselling sessions on smoking cessation among Chinese smokers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changxi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. China wrestles with tobacco control. An interview with Dr Yang Gonghuan. 2010. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/88\/4\/10-040410\/en\/index.html","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.040410"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(11)60002-0"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12121"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500125443"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2006.12.005"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq051"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-11-200612050-00142"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rigotti NA , Munaf\u00f2 MR , Murphy MF , et al . Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(1):CD001837.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001837"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stead LF , Perera R , Lancaster T . Telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(3):CD002850.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002850.pub2"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.10","first-page":"CD000031","article-title":"Antidepressants for smoking cessation","volume":"1","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301137"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdq097"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000346646","article-title":"Predictors of success for smoking cessation at the workplace: a longitudinal study","volume":"87","author":"Stolz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802011000600003","article-title":"Factors relating to failure to quit smoking: a prospective cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Azevedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.10.2.165"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyt086"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp107"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.17.147"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdh147"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.10.2.170"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)00820-0","article-title":"Process of smoking cessation. Implications for clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Prochaska","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.24.3244"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1971-y"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701485000"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.12.002"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2007.019950"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.1.202"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii71","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008763","article-title":"Socioeconomic variations in nicotine dependence, self-efficacy, and intention to quit across four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey","volume":"15","author":"Siahpush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tob Contro."},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.29","first-page":"709","article-title":"Effectiveness of a telephone delivered and a face-to-face delivered counselling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a 6-month follow-up","volume":"37","author":"Berndt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5872.2012.00175.x","article-title":"Predictors of success at six-month follow-up at a public smoking cessation clinic in South Korea","volume":"5","author":"Bhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2011.04.018","article-title":"Telephone-based smoking cessation, predictors of success","volume":"138","author":"Carreras Castellet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.7.3.262"},{"key":"2025101815164866000_5.8.e007885.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.11.013"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:16:55Z","timestamp":1760825815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007885","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}