{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T09:55:38Z","timestamp":1794563738868,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among a group of sub-Saharan Africans living with hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiology outpatient unit of the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged 15\u2005years and over, being followed for hypertension between 1st January and 31st July 2013. Patients with unstable heart failure, stroke and head trauma were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EDS was the outcome of interest. It was defined as an Epworth sleeping scale greater or equal to 10. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 411 patients participated in this study, with a sex ratio (male\/female) of 0.58 and a mean age of 55.56\u2005years. No patient was underweight and the mean body mass index was 30\u2005kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Controlled blood pressure was found in 92 (22.4%) patients. The prevalence of EDS was 62.78% (95% CI 58.08 to 67.47). The factors independently associated with EDS were: type 2 diabetes (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1 to 6.29), obesity (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.52 to 4.97), snoring (OR 7.92; 95% CI 4.43 to 14.15) and uncontrolled blood pressure (OR 4.34; 95% CI 2.24 to 8.40).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant proportion of hypertensive patients suffer from EDS and present a high risk of sleep apnoea. Preventive measures targeted on weight loss, type 2 diabetes and snoring should be considered among these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T21:20:23Z","timestamp":1438204823000},"page":"e008339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study in Douala, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bertrand Hugo","family":"Mbatchou Ngahane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motto Malea","family":"Nganda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastase","family":"Dzudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Luma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9licit\u00e9","family":"Kamdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri Roger","family":"Ngote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Monkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kuaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411243075000_5.7.e008339.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.05.012","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness: from an unknown medical condition to a known public health risk","volume":"6","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2025121411243075000_5.7.e008339.2","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 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