{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1778822218562,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-monitoring of blood pressure is effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertension. However previous meta-analyses have shown a considerable amount of heterogeneity between studies, only part of which can be accounted for by meta-regression. This may be due to differences in design, recruited populations, intervention components or results among patient subgroups. To further investigate these differences, an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of self-monitoring of blood pressure will be performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will identify randomised trials that have compared patients with hypertension who are self-monitoring blood pressure with those who are not and invite trialists to provide IPD including clinic and\/or ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline and all follow-up points where both intervention and control groups were measured. Other data requested will include measurement methodology, length of follow-up, cointerventions, baseline demographic (age, gender) and psychosocial factors (deprivation, quality of life), setting, intensity of self-monitoring, self-monitored blood pressure, comorbidities, lifestyle factors (weight, smoking) and presence or not of antihypertensive treatment. Data on all available patients will be included in order to take an intention-to-treat approach. A two-stage procedure for IPD meta-analysis, stratified by trial and taking into account age, sex, diabetes and baseline systolic BP will be used. Exploratory subgroup analyses will further investigate non-linear relationships between the prespecified variables. Sensitivity analyses will assess the impact of trials which have and have not provided IPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study does not include identifiable data. Results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and by international conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPD analysis should help the understanding of which self-monitoring interventions for which patient groups are most effective in the control of blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T21:20:18Z","timestamp":1442352018000},"page":"e008532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Individual patient data meta-analysis of self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP-SMART): a protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Katherine L","family":"Tucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayden B","family":"Bosworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VAMC, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma P","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marshal","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F D 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University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"McKinstry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Omboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Italian Institute of Telemedicine, Solbiate Arno, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olugbenga","family":"Ogedegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University, Langone 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