{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:13:19Z","timestamp":1765732399043,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore growth data (height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age) of children living in poor socioeconomic conditions in rural areas of Chin State, Burma\/Myanmar; and to compare these data with the growth and development z-score (GDZ) values for school-aged children and adolescents, provided by the WHO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A support and educational programme, run by the Swedish association Chin Development and Research Society (CDRS), was carried out among underprivileged school-aged children, unable to attend school without economic and practical support, living in villages and remote areas in Chin State.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community leaders who were well familiar with the citizens in the community identified children in need of this support. Other community members could also suggest or apply for this. The sample includes all participating children in the CDRS programme at the time of the data collection in six townships. The children were placed in host families, close to a suitable school. Two samples with a total of 639 children from 144 villages and remote areas were obtained:<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>1.\u00a0Children in the CDRS Chin Programme (CCP) (2007\u20132010) comprised 558 children: 50% girls and boys.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>2.\u00a0Children in the Chin Society (CCS) (2010) comprised 81 children: 44% girls and 56% boys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All growth data from both groups deviated significantly from the WHO standard references (p\u22640.001). The prevalence of stunting (height-for-age \u2264\u20132SD) was 52% among girls and 68% among boys. High levels of wasting (weight-for-age \u2264\u20132SD) were found among girls 29% and boys 36% aged 5\u201310\u2005years. In addition, severe thinness (BMI-for-age \u2264\u20132SD) was found among girls 31% and boys 44%, all results to be compared to the expected 2.27%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many more than expected\u2014according to the WHO reference values\u2014in CCP and CCS suffered from stunting, wasting and thinness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]],"date-time":"2016-01-19T21:29:53Z","timestamp":1453238993000},"page":"e009119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Growth data of underprivileged children living in rural areas of Chin State, Burma\/Myanmar, compared to the WHO reference growth standards: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Malin","family":"Prenkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Health Care Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Ehnfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60647-3"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100303"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2007.09.006","article-title":"Impact of early childhood health and nutrition on access to education in developing countries","volume":"17","author":"Jukes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.4.471"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.106227"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02380.x","article-title":"Relationship between physical growth and motor development in the WHO Child Growth Standards","volume":"450","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001007","article-title":"Health and human rights in Chin State, Western Burma: a population-based assessment using multistaged household cluster sampling","volume":"8","author":"Sollom","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i1.5357","article-title":"Trends and determinants of childhood stunting and underweight in Sri Lanka","volume":"58","author":"Rannan-Eliya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.12.034"},{"key":"2025121409110390000_6.1.e009119.10","first-page":"76","article-title":"(MGRS) WMGRSG. 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