{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:13:21Z","timestamp":1773274401112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigate the chance of demonstrating Ebola vaccine efficacy in an individually randomised controlled trial implemented in the declining epidemic of For\u00e9cariah prefecture, Guinea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We extend a previously published dynamic transmission model to include a simulated individually randomised controlled trial of 100\u2005000 participants. Using Bayesian methods, we fit the model to Ebola case incidence before a trial and forecast the expected dynamics until disease elimination. We simulate trials under these forecasts and test potential start dates and rollout schemes to assess power to detect efficacy, and bias in vaccine efficacy estimates that may be introduced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under realistic assumptions, we found that a trial of 100\u2005000 participants starting after 1 August had less than 5% chance of having enough cases to detect vaccine efficacy. In particular, gradual recruitment precludes detection of vaccine efficacy because the epidemic is likely to go extinct before enough participants are recruited. Exclusion of early cases in either arm of the trial creates bias in vaccine efficacy estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The very low Ebola virus disease incidence in For\u00e9cariah prefecture means any individually randomised controlled trial implemented there is unlikely to be successful, unless there is a substantial increase in the number of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T02:45:01Z","timestamp":1450233901000},"page":"e009346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Estimating the probability of demonstrating vaccine efficacy in the declining Ebola epidemic: a Bayesian modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Camacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0362-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalind M","family":"Eggo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conall H","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J","family":"Kucharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W John","family":"Edmunds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051514475476000_5.12.e009346.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1414992"},{"key":"2024051514475476000_5.12.e009346.2","unstructured":"Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases. Visualisation and projections of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. London Sch. Hyg. Trop. Med. http:\/\/ntncmch.github.io\/ebola\/ (accessed 7 Jun 2015)."},{"key":"2024051514475476000_5.12.e009346.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00078-X","article-title":"Stepped-wedge trial design to evaluate Ebola treatments","volume":"15","author":"Piszczek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024051514475476000_5.12.e009346.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3740"},{"key":"2024051514475476000_5.12.e009346.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupferschmidt K . Scientists argue over access to remaining Ebola hotspots. 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