{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:28:56Z","timestamp":1779233336633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine optimum measurements for abdominal obesity and to assess the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in Qatar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National health survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qatar National STEPwise Survey conducted by the Supreme Council of Health during 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2496 Qatari citizens aged 18\u201364 representative of the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measure of obesity (body mass index, waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio) that best identified the presence of at least 2 other factors of metabolic syndrome; cut-off values of waist circumference; frequency of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Waist circumference \u2265102 for men and \u226594\u2005cm for women was the best predictor of the presence of other determinants of metabolic syndrome (raised blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Using these values, we identified 28% of Qataris with metabolic syndrome, which is considerably lower than the estimate of 37% calculated using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Restricting the analysis to participants without known elevated blood pressure, elevated blood sugar or diabetes 16.5% would be classified as having metabolic syndrome. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased steadily with age (OR=3.40 (95% CI 2.02 to 5.74), OR=5.66 (3.65 to 8.78), OR=10.2 (5.98 to 17.6) and OR=18.2 (7.01 to 47.5) for those in the age group \u201830\u201339\u2019, \u201840\u201349\u2019, \u201850\u201359\u2019, \u201860\u201364\u2019 vs \u201818\u201329\u2019; p&lt;0.0001), decreased with increasing educational attainment (OR=0.61 (0.39 to 0.96) for those who attained \u2018secondary school or more\u2019 compared with \u2018less than primary school\u2019; p=0.03) and exercise (OR=0.60 (0.42 to 0.86) for those exercising \u22653000 vs &lt;600 MET-min\/week; p=0.006) but was not associated with smoking or diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Waist circumference was the best measure of obesity to combine with other variables to construct a country-specific definition of metabolic syndrome in Qatar. Approximately 28% of adult Qatari citizens satisfy the criteria for metabolic syndrome, which increased significantly with age. Education and physical activity were inversely associated with this syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T20:56:40Z","timestamp":1473195400000},"page":"e009514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in Qatar: results from a National Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Hamad","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al Anoud Mohammed","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sohaila","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javaid","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Dean, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Mamtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert B","family":"Lowenfels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Department of Family Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa Fattah","family":"Al-Chetachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badria Ali","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamseldin Ali","family":"Hassan Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Omar","family":"Haj Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121600574238000_6.9.e009514.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"2025121600574238000_6.9.e009514.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025121600574238000_6.9.e009514.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269038","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/269038","article-title":"Obesity index that better predict metabolic syndrome: body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, or waist height ratio","volume":"2013","author":"Bener","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"2025121600574238000_6.9.e009514.4","unstructured":"Doha: Qatar Statistics Authority. 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