{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:52:11Z","timestamp":1777582331718,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of birth weight and childhood growth on childhood wheezing disorders. We hypothesised that low birth weight and fast growth during early age would increase the risk of wheezing disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational secondary analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All children who were born at the Bradford Royal Infirmary hospital between March 2007 and December 2010 were eligible for the study. A total of 13\u2005734 and 1598 children participated in the analyses of the effects of birth weight and growth on wheezing disorders, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wheezing disorders diagnosis (diagnosed as asthma or had wheezing symptom) during the ages of 0\u20137\u2005years were the primary outcome measures. Diagnosis of asthma and occurrence of wheezing during the same period were secondary outcome measures. Birth weight was classified as normal (2.5\u20134.0\u2005kg), low (&lt;2.5\u2005kg) and high (&gt;4.0\u2005kg). Growth mixture models were used to drive growth pattern outcomes which were classified as \u2018normal\u2019, \u2018fast\u2019 and \u2018slow\u2019 growth based on their velocities between birth and 36\u2005months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adjusted relative risks (RRs) of wheezing disorders diagnosis for the low and high birthweight children were 1.29 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.50; p=0.001) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.04; p=0.17), respectively. The adjusted RRs of wheezing disorders diagnosis were 1.30 (95% CI 0.56 to 3.06; p=0.54) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.16 to 2.18; p=0.44), respectively, for the \u2018fast\u2019 and \u2018slow\u2019 growth as compared with the \u2018normal\u2019 growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of wheezing disorders; however, there is a weak evidence that suggests high birthweight children have a reduced risk in this birth cohort. Low birth weight coupled with a slower growth until 3\u2005months and a sharp growth between 3 and 12\u2005months has an increased risk of wheezing disorders diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T22:09:45Z","timestamp":1448575785000},"page":"e009553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of birth weight and growth on childhood wheezing disorders: findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teumzghi F","family":"Mebrahtu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard G","family":"Feltbower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger C","family":"Parslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603401333000_5.11.e009553.1","unstructured":"Roche R , Jeffery R . 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