{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T21:03:31Z","timestamp":1781557411260,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence to guide fluid resuscitation evidence in sepsis continues to evolve. We conducted a multicountry survey of emergency and critical care physicians to describe current stated practice and practice variation related to the quantity, rapidity and type of resuscitation fluid administered in early septic shock to inform the design of future septic shock fluid resuscitation trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a web-based survey tool, we invited critical care and emergency physicians in Canada, the UK, Scandinavia and Saudi Arabia to complete a self-administered electronic survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1097 physicians\u2019 responses were included. 1\u2005L was the most frequent quantity of resuscitation fluid physicians indicated they would administer at a time (46.9%, n=499). Most (63.0%, n=671) stated that they would administer the fluid challenges as quickly as possible. Overall, normal saline and Ringer's solutions were the preferred crystalloid fluids used \u2018often\u2019 or \u2018always\u2019 in 53.1% (n=556) and 60.5% (n=632) of instances, respectively. However, emergency physicians indicated that they would use normal saline \u2018often\u2019 or \u2018always\u2019 in 83.9% (n=376) of instances, while critical care physicians said that they would use saline \u2018often\u2019 or \u2018always\u2019 in 27.9% (n=150) of instances. Only 1.0% (n=10) of respondents indicated that they would use hydroxyethyl starch \u2018often\u2019 or \u2018always\u2019; use of 5% (5.6% (n=59)) or 20\u201325% albumin (1.3% (n=14)) was also infrequent. The majority (88.4%, n=896) of respondents indicated that a large randomised controlled trial comparing 5% albumin to a crystalloid fluid in early septic shock was important to conduct.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Critical care and emergency physicians stated that they rapidly infuse volumes of 500\u20131000\u2005mL of resuscitation fluid in early septic shock. Colloid use, specifically the use of albumin, was infrequently reported. Our survey identifies the need to conduct a trial on the efficacy of albumin and crystalloids on 90-day mortality in patients with early septic shock.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,8]],"date-time":"2016-07-08T03:53:17Z","timestamp":1467949997000},"page":"e010041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Multicountry survey of emergency and critical care medicine physicians\u2019 fluid resuscitation practices for adult patients with early septic 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