{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T20:46:23Z","timestamp":1771620383600,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between smoking patterns and knee and hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence in Koreans aged 50\u2005years or older with focus on knee OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study using nationally representative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected at portable Health Examination Centres in Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data of 9064 participants of the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010\u20132012) aged 50\u2005years or older who received knee or hip joint X-rays out of 31\u2005596 total surveyees were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OA prevalence by smoking behaviour (current smoking, past smoking, indirect smoking and non-smoking).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimated risk of OA by smoking amount, period, pack-years and indirect smoking exposure time to assess the association between smoking-related factors and knee OA by calculating ORs and adjusting for covariates in a complex sampling design. A multinomial logistic regression analysis and backward elimination method was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OA prevalence in Koreans aged 50\u2005years or older was 13.9%, with prevalence about 3.5 times higher in women (men 5.7%, women 20.1%). ORs for knee and hip joint OA prevalence by smoking behaviour in male indirect-smokers were lower than those in non-smokers in age and sex (OR 0.271; 95% CI 0.088 to 0.828), and selective adjustments (OR 0.314; 95% CI 0.102 to 0.966). All other analyses for smoking behaviour and total OA prevalence, and knee OA prevalence were not significantly different. Associations between smoking amount, period, pack-years and knee OA prevalence were non-significant in ever-smokers. Associations between indirect smoking exposure time and knee OA prevalence were also non-significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that though direct and previous smoking and OA prevalence were not associated, there was a weak relationship between indirect smoking and OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T23:15:29Z","timestamp":1455837329000},"page":"e010062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association between direct and indirect smoking and osteoarthritis prevalence in Koreans: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kyungrae","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joon-Shik","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Me-riong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Byung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Hyuk","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514372425000_6.2.e010062.1","unstructured":"Callaghan J . 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