{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:55:00Z","timestamp":1765828500341,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulation-based education (SBE) is now commonly used across health professional disciplines to teach a range of skills. The evidence base supporting the effectiveness of this approach for improving patient health outcomes is relatively narrow, focused mainly on the development of procedural skills. However, there are other simulation approaches used to support non-procedure specific skills that are in need of further investigation. This cluster, cross-over randomised controlled trial with a concurrent economic evaluation (cost per fall prevented) trial will evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and student experience of health professional students undertaking simulation training for the prevention of falls among hospitalised inpatients. This research will target the students within the established undergraduate student placements of Monash University medicine, nursing and allied health across Peninsula Health acute and subacute inpatient wards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention will train the students in how to provide the Safe Recovery program, the only single intervention approach demonstrated to reduce falls in hospitals. This will involve redevelopment of the Safe Recovery program into a one-to-many participant SBE program, so that groups of students learn the communication skills and falls prevention knowledge necessary for delivery of the program. The primary outcome of this research will be patient falls across participating inpatient wards, with secondary outcomes including student satisfaction with the SBE and knowledge gain, ward-level practice change and cost of acute\/rehabilitation care for each patient measured using clinical costing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Human Research Ethics Committees of Peninsula Health (LRR\/15\/PH\/11) and Monash University (CF15\/3523-2015001384) have approved this research. The participant information and consent forms provide information on privacy, storage of results and dissemination. Registration of this trial has been completed with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000817549. This study protocol has been prepared according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12615000817549; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T23:13:37Z","timestamp":1464909217000},"page":"e010192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Establishing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and student experience of a Simulation-based education Training program On the Prevention of Falls (STOP-Falls) among hospitalised inpatients: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Cylie","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Health, Allied Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly-Ann","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Allied Health Research Unit, Monash Health, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Kiegaldie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Health, Medical Education and Simulation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2941-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debra","family":"Nestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, School of Rural Health, HealthPEER, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kaplonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Health, Allied Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Allied Health Research Unit, Monash Health, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.444"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1821"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afh130"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0226-7"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7441.676"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01102.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00296"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-135","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of patient education for the prevention of falls in hospital: economic evaluation from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Haines","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61945-0","article-title":"Reducing falls in rehabilitation hospital units using individualised patient and staff education: a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05646.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0b013e318227ce96","article-title":"Simulation for learning and teaching procedural skills: the state of the science","volume":"6(","author":"Nestel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Simul Healthc"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04243.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nestel D , Bearman M . Introduction to simulated patient methodology. In: Nestel D , Bearman M , eds. Simulated patient methodology: theory, evidence and practice. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell, 2015","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118760673"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2011.07.003","article-title":"Simulation decreases nursing student anxiety prior to communication with mentally ill patients","volume":"9","author":"Szpak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Simulation Nurs"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1548-923X.1555","article-title":"The use of hi fidelity simulation to enhance nursing students\u2019 therapeutic communication skills","volume":"5","author":"Sleeper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.06.025"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02142.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02735.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi218"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.20","first-page":"74","article-title":"The safety of safety research: the case of patient fall research","volume":"38","author":"Morse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02856.x","article-title":"Measuring falls events in acute hospitals\u2014a comparison of three reporting methods to identify missing data in the hospital reporting system","volume":"58","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01605.x"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39031.507153.AE"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.24","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Definition of a fall. http:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/other_injury\/falls\/en\/index.html \/ (last accessed Jan 2010)."},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-10-201211200-00005"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft155"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-10-27"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.29","first-page":"63","article-title":"Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects","volume":"22","author":"Shenton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educ Info"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12026","article-title":"Why do hospitalized older adults take risks that may lead to falls?","volume":"18","author":"Haines","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes R , Moulton L . Cluster Randomised Trials. Basic Principles of Analysis. Chapman and Hall, 2009:149\u201360.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781584888178.ch9"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2012.0276"},{"key":"2025121511492979000_6.6.e010192.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62160-6"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:49:41Z","timestamp":1765828181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010192","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}